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城镇景观的研究,涉及诸多方面。从字面上看,“景”者,景物、景色也:“观”者,视看、观察也。故“景观”即人对景物观看之结果,它至少包括了作为景物的物质实体和作为观看者的人两个要素。城镇景观则可定义为——构成城镇环境的各物质实体被人眼直接观看之效果。对于城镇景观的研究包含两大方面的内容:一是“实存景观”(existing view),即对组成城镇环境各物质实体的研究;二是“城镇意象”(image),即对人们如何获取、存储、评价“实存景观”,继而如何影响人的情感和行为的研究。本文仅以湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州以及邻近的小城镇为例,就“实存景观”研究中的一个问题:城镇景观与自然环境的关系作初步探讨。
The study of town landscapes involves many aspects. From a literal point of view, the “views”, scenery, and scenery are also: “views” are seen and observed. Therefore, “landscape” is the result of people’s viewing of the scenery. It includes at least two elements: the material entity as a scene and the person as a viewer. Town landscapes can be defined as the effects of the physical entities that make up the urban environment directly viewed by the human eye. The study of the urban landscape includes two main aspects: the first is the “existing view” (the study of the physical entities that make up the urban environment) and the second is the “image of the town” (ie, how people obtain , storage, evaluation of “live landscape”, and then how to affect the study of human emotions and behavior. This article only takes Hunan Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and its neighboring small towns as an example to discuss the relationship between the urban landscape and the natural environment.