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价值链在经济活动中是无处不在的,上下游关联的企业与企业之间存在行业价值链,企业内部各业务单元的联系构成了企业的价值链,企业内部各业务单元之间也存在着价值链联结。价值链上的每一项价值活动都会对企业最终能够实现多大的价值造成影响。价值链理论是哈佛大学商学院教授迈克尔·波特于1985年提出的。波特认为,每一个企业都是在设计、生产、销售、发送和辅助其产品的过程中进行种种活动的集合体。所有这些活动可以用一个价值链来表明。“企业的价值创造是通过一系列活动构成的,这些活动可分为基本活动和辅助活动两类。基本活动包括内部后勤、生产作业、外部后勤、市场和销售、服务等;而辅助活动则包括采购、技术开发、人力资源管理和企业基础设施等。这些互不相同但又相互关联的生产经营活动,构成了一个创造价值的动态过程,即价值链。”清华大学工业工程系副教授蔡临宁说。
The value chain is ubiquitous in the economic activities. There is an industry value chain between the enterprises and the enterprises that are related to the upstream and downstream. The connection among the business units in the enterprise constitutes the value chain of the enterprises. There are also the various business units within the enterprise Value chain link. Every value activity in the value chain can have an impact on how much value an organization can ultimately achieve. Value chain theory is Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter put forward in 1985. Porter argues that every business is an assembly of activities in the design, production, sale, distribution and assisting of its products. All of these activities can be indicated by a value chain. “The value creation of an enterprise consists of a series of activities, which can be divided into basic activities and auxiliary activities, including internal logistics, production operations, external logistics, marketing and sales, services, etc. Auxiliary activities Including procurement, technology development, human resource management and enterprise infrastructure, etc. These different but interrelated production and business activities form a dynamic process of value creation, namely the value chain. ”" Cai Linning, Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University Say.