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本文分析了发达地区四种农业保险制度在制度模式、财政补贴、以险补险、保障对象、保障程度、巨灾风险分散机制以及管理机构等方面的异同点,考察了各地不同做法背后的原因,并基于制度比较的视角考察了不同制度安排的绩效。研究表明,政策性农业保险政策设计必须坚持“统一制度框架与分散决策相结合”的原则,将制度的自然演进和人为设计有机地结合起来。分散决策形成的多样化的制度结构在相互学习、借鉴和竞争,进行“优胜劣汰”和“收敛”的自发演进。政府主导下的“统一制度框架”的人为制度设计则能够加快我国农业保险的制度演进过程,弥补仅靠制度演进难以满足社会对有效制度需求的不足,同时也有利于纠正农业保险制度自发演进中的路径依赖现象。
This paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the four agricultural insurance systems in the developed regions in the aspects of institutional models, financial subsidies, insurance coverage, safeguards, degree of protection, catastrophe risk diversification mechanism and regulatory agencies, examines the reasons behind the different practices , And examines the performance of different institutional arrangements based on the perspective of institutional comparison. The research shows that the design of policy-oriented agricultural insurance policy must adhere to the principle of “combining the unified institutional framework with decentralized decision-making” and organically combine the natural evolution of the system and human design. The diversified system structure formed by decentralized decision-making makes mutual spontaneous evolution of “survival of the fittest” and “convergence” through mutual learning, reference and competition. The system of artificial system under the government-led “unified system framework ” can accelerate the evolution of the system of agricultural insurance in our country and make up for the shortcomings of the evolution of the system that the society can not meet the demand of the effective system. It is also beneficial to correct the spontaneous development of the agricultural insurance system Path dependence in the evolution of the phenomenon.