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以常规稻湘早籼45为供试材料,在拔节期设计不同淹水深度(2/3淹和全淹)及淹水持续时间(3、5、7和9 d)的淹涝胁迫试验,分析不同淹涝胁迫处理对水稻绿叶数、卷叶长度、叶鞘长度、高位分蘖等形态因子以及产量构成因子的影响。结果表明:不同淹水深度处理,绿叶数与淹水持续时间呈负相关,且2/3淹较全淹更明显;全淹处理,茎变化明显;2/3淹处理,叶变化明显;高位分蘖率与淹水持续时间呈正相关;卷叶长度变化,在2/3淹时,与淹水持续时间呈负相关,全淹时,两者呈正相关;叶鞘的变化,不同处理之间差异不大,均表现为伸长生长。不同淹涝胁迫处理对产量构成因子的影响均表现为空壳率高、穗结实粒数低和千粒重低,2/3淹持续9 d处理的影响最大,结实粒数最低,仅有34粒。探讨了不同淹涝胁迫环境,水稻茎、叶等形态特征变化的适应机制和可能原因。研究结果可为长江中下游地区水稻洪涝灾害防灾减灾以及抗灾品种选育提供科学依据。
Using conventional rice Xiangszaoxian 45 as test material, the different submergence depths (2/3 flooding and total flooding) and the flooding duration (3, 5, 7 and 9 d) The effects of different submergence stresses on the morphological and yield components of rice such as green leaf number, leaf length, sheath length, high tillering were analyzed. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between the depth of flooding and the duration of flooding, and the 2/3 flooding was more submerged than the whole submergence. The flooding and stems changed obviously. The tillering rate was positively correlated with the duration of flooding. The change of curly leaf length was negatively correlated with the duration of flooding at 2/3 flooding, but positively correlated with flooding duration. The variation of leaf sheath and the difference between different treatments Large, are manifested as elongation growth. The effects of different submergence stress treatments on the yield components were as follows: high shell percentage, low spike grain number and low 1000-grain weight. The effect of 2/3 submergence on the 9th continued the impact with the lowest number of grains with only 34 grains. The adaptation mechanisms and possible causes of morphological changes of stems and leaves of rice under different submerged stresses were discussed. The results can provide scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of rice flood disaster and breeding of disaster-resistant varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.