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高能辐射作用于物质时,将本身能量传递给介质分子,引起后者的电离和激发。正离子和激发分子进一步所引起的辐射化学变化,已为辐射化学工作者熟知,这里不拟深入讨论。另一方面,当分子电离时,放出一个电子,因而在介质被辐照的过程中生成大量的能量比较小的次级电子。关于次级电子的命运及其作用,由于在理论上及实验上研究比较困难,长期来被人们忽视。但是,争论一直是有的。随着理论工作和实验工作的进一步发展,在这一方面已经取得了一些显著的战绩。本文试图在此基础上加以总结,并适当地予以评论。
When high-energy radiation acts on a substance, it transfers its own energy to the medium molecule, causing ionization and excitation of the latter. Radiation chemical changes caused by further positive ions and excited molecules are well known to radiation chemists and are not intended for further discussion here. On the other hand, when the molecule is ionized, one electron is released, so that a large amount of smaller secondary electrons are generated during the irradiation of the medium. On the fate of secondary electrons and their role, due to the theoretical and experimental study more difficult, long been neglected. However, the controversy has always been there. With the further development of theoretical work and experimental work, some remarkable achievements have been made in this regard. This article attempts to summarize on this basis, and appropriate comments.