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为适应从计划经济向市场经济转轨的要求,我国的外贸体制进行了重大调整。首先,外贸管理体制进行了深刻变革,取消了进出口贸易的指令性计划,逐步实现以市场机制调节来主导对外经贸活动。其次,通过强化经济手段建立有效的间接调控体系。汇率并轨和结汇售汇制,要求外贸企业遵循市场规律建立自主经营的营运机制;政府通过完善出口退税和银行信贷优惠实现国家对外贸行业的扶持。外贸经营主体的范围也在不断扩大,从中央直属专业外贸公司扩展到工贸公司和地方外贸,从大型国有企业和三资企业产品自营出口到开始赋予私营生产企业和科研院所自营进出口权。外贸的行业经营垄断已被打破,代之以全方位的竞争格局。我们还将看到在中国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)后,外贸经营将进一步放开,登记制将逐步取代审批制,外贸行业竞争必将更加激烈。
In order to meet the requirements of a transition from a planned economy to a market economy, China’s foreign trade system has undergone major adjustments. First, the foreign trade administration system has undergone profound changes, canceled the mandatory plan for import and export trade, and gradually led the foreign economic and trade activities with the adjustment of the market mechanism. Second, establish an effective indirect regulation and control system by strengthening economic means. Exchange rate merger and foreign exchange settlement system, require foreign trade enterprises to follow the laws of the market to establish their own operating mechanism; the government through the improvement of export tax rebates and bank credit concessions to achieve national support for the foreign trade industry. The scope of the main business of foreign trade is also constantly expanding. From the specialized foreign trade companies directly under the Central Government, it has been extended to trade and industry companies and local foreign trade. From the export of large-scale state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises to the self-owned export of privately-owned manufacturing enterprises and research institutes Export rights. The trade monopoly of foreign trade has been broken, replaced by a full range of competition. We will also see that after China joins the World Trade Organization (WTO), the foreign trade operation will be further liberalized and the registration system will gradually replace the examination and approval system, and the competition in the foreign trade sector will surely become more intense.