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在极端干旱地区,空气中的水汽压很低,不可能发生大量土壤凝结水。若有凝结水,主要发生在干燥土壤和晴天的晚上。土面盐碱膜有抑制土壤水分蒸发和增加地温变幅的作用,不利于土壤凝结水的发生。这在极端干旱的塔里木河中游地区更不例外。笔者认为于庆和同志所谓的“凝结水”,很可能是闭塞空气迂热膨胀排出来的水。因为,现行的地中渗透仪很不完善,其蒸发筒中缺通气管,受闭塞空气的胀缩作用,使筒中潜水位白天降低,晚上升高,即地下室的盛水器中水位白天升高(排出水),晚上降低(马氏瓶供水),由此而产生“回渗水”被误认为是“凝结水”。
In extremely arid regions, the vapor pressure in the air is very low, so it is impossible for a large amount of soil to condense. If there is condensate, it occurs mainly in dry soil and sunny nights. Soil saline-alkali film can inhibit the evaporation of soil moisture and increase the role of temperature amplitude, is not conducive to the occurrence of soil condensation water. This is no exception with the extremely arid middle reaches of the Tarim River. The author thinks that what the so-called “condensate water” of Comrade Yu Qinghe may well be is the water that is blocked by the exuberant expansion of air. Because the current permeability tester in the ground is not perfect, the lack of ventilation tube evaporation tube, by blocking the expansion and contraction of the air to make tube diving during the day to reduce the level of the night increased, that is, the water level in the basement of the water level rise during the day ( Draining water) and decreasing at night (supplying Markov’s bottles). As a result, “seepage water” is mistakenly identified as “condensed water”.