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[答]新霉素是一种广谱抗菌素。根据薪霉素的药理作用,它具有高度的稳定性,并不因温度或酸硷度的改变而受影响,在硷性环境中的作用比在酸性环境中的作用强。新霉素口服后很少为肠道所吸收,仅3%的口服新霉素从小便中排出,绝大部分由肠道排出,为一种很有效的肠道消毒剂和抗菌剂。它对大部分革兰氏阴性细菌和某些革兰氏阳性细菌有抗菌效能,故可用于治疗肠道感染。临床上一般用其硫酸盐,因硫酸新霉素极易溶于水,常用口服量为0.5～1.0克,每日3～4次。(注射毒性大,可引起耳聋和肾脏损害,不宜随便使用。)另外,氨中毒是肝性昏迷的主要发病机制之一。因为蛋白质摄入后,在肠道内经细菌分解后,
[A] Neomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It has a high degree of stability according to the pharmacological action of the pulmicamycin and is not affected by changes in temperature or pH. It plays a stronger role in the alkaline environment than in the acidic environment. Neomycin is rarely absorbed by the intestine after oral administration, and only 3% of oral neomycin is excreted from the urine. Most of it is excreted by the intestine, which is a very effective intestinal disinfectant and antibacterial agent. It has antibacterial properties against most Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram-positive bacteria and is therefore useful for the treatment of intestinal infections. Generally used in clinical sulfate, because of neomycin sulfate easily soluble in water, the commonly used oral dose of 0.5 to 1.0 grams, 3 to 4 times daily. (Injection toxicity, can cause deafness and kidney damage, should not be used casually.) In addition, ammonia poisoning is one of the main pathogenesis of hepatic coma. Because of protein intake, in the intestine after bacterial decomposition,