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目的分析云南省大学生身体形态、生理功能、运动素质与短跑之间的关系,为促进学生体质健康水平,制定短跑运动员的选材标准,增强短跑训练科学性提供依据。方法分层随机整群抽取云南省1 599名19～22岁大学生,对其短跑高分组和低分组的身体形态、生理功能及运动素质进行比较,并分析形态、功能和素质指标对短跑的不同作用。结果男大学生短跑高分组和低分组在肺活量、肺活量指数、立定跳远、引体向上和1 000 m跑,女大学生短跑高分组和低分组在BMI、立定跳远、仰卧起坐和800 m跑上,均是高分组指标优于低分组;在控制人口学变量后,男大学生中BMI、肺活量指数、立定跳远和1 000 m跑对短跑影响均有统计学意义,形态、功能和素质指标解释力分别为0.6%,2.0%和10.6%;女大学生BMI、立定跳远、仰卧起坐和800 m跑均对短跑影响均有统计学意义,形态和素质指标解释力分别为0.9%和19.4%。结论男女大学生中立定跳远和1000 m跑/800 m跑与短跑的关系最为密切,在学生体质健康促进、选材标准制定和运动训练中应重点考察。
Objective To analyze the relationship between body shape, physical function, motor quality and sprint of college students in Yunnan Province, and to provide basis for promoting students’ physique and health, formulating standards of selecting sprinters and enhancing the scientificity of sprint training. Methods A total of 1 599 college students from 19 to 22 years old in Yunnan Province were stratified and stratified randomly to compare the body shape, physiological function and sports quality of the sprinter with high and low sprinters. The morphological, functional and quality indexes were also analyzed for different sprinters effect. Results Male college students sprinting high score and low score in spirometry, spirometry, standing long jump, pull-ups and 1000 m run, female college students sprinting high score and low score in BMI, standing long jump, sit-ups and 800 m run, The index of high score group is better than the low score group. After controlling the demographic variables, the male students’ BMI, vital capacity index, standing long jump and 1000 m running have significant effects on the sprint, and the morphological, functional and quality indicators explain respectively 0.6%, 2.0% and 10.6% respectively. Female college students’ BMI, standing long jump, sit-ups and 800-m running all had statistically significant effects on sprint. The explanatory power of morphological and quality indicators were 0.9% and 19.4% respectively. Conclusion Male and female college students are most closely related to 1000 m run / 800 m run and sprinter. They should focus on physical health promotion, material selection criteria establishment and sports training.