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我国古时的药物书籍多以“本草”为名,历代有不少重要的本草问世,例如神农本草经、本草经集註、新修本草、证类本草、本草纲目等,不仅是国内著名的医药典籍,也是世界各国知名的重要药物著作。至清代,虽然没有超过象本草纲目这样的书籍,但为数仍然很多。可是在民国期间,本草系统的新著作,为数却甚少。而在药学教育中,另出现了“生药学”这一学科。解放后,人民医药卫生事业得到了迅速的发展,医药教育中产生了以“中药学”命名的学科。同时,有一些药学院校,将生药学改变为药材学。在我国医药界中,原已发生对生药名称有不同的理解,今又出现了生药学与药材学名称和内容的认识问题,为有利于实际工作需要和促进这一学科的发展,实有将此等名称加讨论明确的必要。生药学原为日本学者首先应用的名称,传到我国也有半个世纪的历史。我国生药学到药材学的演变,这是中、日两国社会性质及医药事业的发展有所不同的结果。今试从生药学的历史及其发展的情况,来论证药材学更符合于我国医药卫生事业发展的需要。兹将所搜集的有关资料及初步见解论述于后,以供药学工作者的参考,并热诚地希望多给批评指正。
In ancient times, ancient Chinese medicine books were mostly known as “Materia Medica”. There were many important herbal medicines in history, such as Shennong Herbal Classics, Herbal Classics, New Herbal Herbal Medicine, Herbal Herbal Medicine, and Compendium of Materia Medica, etc., which are not only famous domestic medicines. Books and books are also well-known important drug works in countries all over the world. Although there were no books like the Compendium of Materia Medica in the Qing Dynasty, the number was still large. However, during the Republic of China, the number of new works in the Materia Medica system was very small. In pharmacy education, another discipline called “Pharmacognosy” emerged. After the liberation, the people’s medical and health undertakings have developed rapidly. The disciplines named after “Chinese Pharmacy” have emerged in medical education. At the same time, there are some pharmacy colleges that have changed their pharmacognosy to medicinal herbs. In the Chinese medical community, there have been different understandings of the names of crude drugs, and now there is a problem of understanding the names and contents of pharmacognosy and medicinal materials. In order to benefit practical work and promote the development of this discipline, there will be These names add clarity to the need for discussion. Pharmacognosy was originally the name applied by Japanese scholars. It has reached half a century of history in China. The evolution of China’s pharmacognosy to medicinal materials is a result of different developments in the social nature and the pharmaceutical industry in China and Japan. This trial is based on the history of the pharmacognosy and its development to demonstrate that medicinal materials are more in line with the needs of the development of China’s pharmaceutical and health services. The relevant information and preliminary findings collected will be discussed later for the reference of pharmacists and sincerely hope to give more criticism.