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目的探讨高血压的相关危险因素及生命早期食物短缺和营养不良对成年后高血压患病危险的影响。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法选取青岛市35~74岁居民为调查对象,将1962~1970年、1959~1961年大饥荒期间和1953~1958年出生人群分别定义为非暴露组、胚胎期暴露组和儿童期暴露组。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件,分析高血压相关危险因素并比较不同组患高血压危险性。结果胚胎期暴露组及儿童期暴露组高血压、糖尿病、高血脂等患病率均高于非暴露组(P<0.05)。是否经历大饥荒、年龄、地域、BMI、高血脂、糖尿病等13个因素与高血压的发生相关(P<0.05)。单因素Logistic分析显示,相对于非暴露组,胚胎期暴露组和儿童期暴露组的相对危险度(OR)(95%CI)分别为2.21(1.80~2.70)、2.66(2.07~3.01);多因素Logistic分析显示,仅调整高血压基本影响因素,2组的OR(95%CI)为1.63(1.25~2.13)、1.54(1.09~2.19);在上述基础上再调整疾病因素,2组的OR(95%CI)为1.56(1.19~2.05)、1.44(1.01~2.06);最后调整所有混杂因素,2组的OR(95%CI)为1.60(1.21~2.11)、1.53(1.06~2.21)。结论高血压是多因素综合作用所致,生命早期经历食物短缺和营养不良等灾害可能增加成年后患高血压的危险性。
Objective To investigate the risk factors of hypertension and the impact of early life lack of food and malnutrition on the prevalence of hypertension in adulthood. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select residents aged from 35 to 74 in Qingdao City as the survey subjects. Population from 1962 to 1970, famine from 1959 to 1961 and from 1953 to 1958 were defined as non-exposed group and embryo-exposed group Group and childhood exposure group. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the risk factors associated with hypertension and to compare the risk of hypertension in different groups. Results The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia in embryo exposure group and childhood exposure group were higher than those in non-exposed group (P <0.05). Thirteen factors such as famine, age, geography, BMI, hyperlipemia and diabetes were associated with the occurrence of hypertension (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the relative odds ratio (95% CI) of embryo exposure group and childhood exposure group were 2.21 (1.80-2.70) and 2.66 (2.07-3.01), respectively, compared with non-exposed group Factors Logistic analysis showed that only OR (95% CI) of 1.63 (1.25 ~ 2.13) and 1.54 (1.09 ~ 2.19) were adjusted in the two groups. The OR of the two groups was also adjusted (95% CI) were 1.56 (1.19 to 2.05) and 1.44 (1.01 to 2.06), respectively. Finally, all the confounding factors were adjusted. The odds ratio (95% CI) for the two groups was 1.60 (1.21-2.11) and 1.53 (1.06-2.21). Conclusions Hypertension is caused by a combination of factors. In early life, disasters such as food shortage and malnutrition may increase the risk of hypertension in adulthood.