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目的了解武汉市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评价武汉市消除疟疾工作成效,为调整防治策略提供科学依据。方法对武汉市1953—2015年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生计生委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果疟疾曾是危害武汉市人民健康的重要寄生虫病,建国后曾有过三次较大面积的流行,1976年发病率612.99/10万,为有疫情数据记载的历史最高峰。全市防治工作经历调查摸底、维持防治、控制流行、巩固监测和消除疟疾5个阶段。消除阶段(2010—2015年)武汉市加强组织领导,保障经费到位,注重队伍建设,健全监测网络,落实防控措施,疟原虫血检231 125人,年度血检数平均达到总人口3‰以上,区级血片复核率为5.28%,年报告发病率均控制在0.8/10万以下,2010年报告的最后1例本地感染病例及之后全部302例输入性病例均得到及时有效处置。媒介监测发现远城区农户和牲畜棚仍有较低密度的传疟媒介中华按蚊。结论武汉市经过多年防治,已连续5年无本地感染病例,达到消除疟疾标准。巩固工作重点是加强输入性疟疾监测,防止引起继发传播。
Objective To understand the general situation of malaria and its prevention and treatment in Wuhan, summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of malaria elimination in Wuhan, and provide a scientific basis for adjusting prevention and control strategies. Methods A descriptive analysis and summary of data on malaria control outbreaks, reports, documents, work plans, prevention and control strategies and measures from 1953 to 2015 in Wuhan were conducted. According to the “Elimination of Malaria Assessment and Assessment Scheme (2014 Edition)” issued by the State Health and Family Planning Commission, From the three aspects of safeguard measures, technical measures, prevention and control effects to evaluate malaria elimination work. Results Malaria was an important parasitic disease that endanger the health of people in Wuhan City. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, there were three major epidemic areas with a prevalence of 612.99 / 100,000 in 1976, the highest recorded history of epidemic data. The city’s prevention and treatment work has thoroughly investigated the investigation, maintain control, epidemic control, consolidate the monitoring and elimination of malaria in five stages. Elimination phase (2010-2015) Wuhan City, strengthening organizational leadership, protection of funds in place, focusing on team building, improve the monitoring network, implementation of prevention and control measures, 231 125 blood tests of malaria parasite, the average annual blood count reached an average of more than 3 ‰ , The regional blood film review rate of 5.28%, the annual report of the incidence were controlled at 0.8 / 100000 below the 2010 report of the last case of local infection and all subsequent 302 cases of imported cases were promptly and effectively treated. The media monitoring found farmer households and livestock sheds in far urban areas still had a lower density of transmitted malaria vectors, Anopheles sinensis. Conclusion After many years of prevention and treatment in Wuhan City, there have been no cases of local infection for five consecutive years and the malaria elimination standard has been reached. Consolidation will focus on strengthening surveillance of imported malaria to prevent secondary transmission.