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为了查明三工河流域绿洲不同生境土壤螨类多样性特征及其变化动态,2011年4、7、9及11月中旬分别对以该绿洲的用材林、防护林、苗圃、耕地、盐碱地、灌木林及荒草地生境为研究对象,采用改良干漏斗法分离0~20 cm土层中的土壤螨类,并分析了不同生境土壤螨类的群落结构、分布特征及季节动态.共获得土壤螨类7754只,隶属于蜱螨亚纲4亚目72科100属,其中刀肋甲螨属和若甲螨属为优势类群.7种不同生境土壤螨类类群、个体密度和多样性之间以及不同季节存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数依次为防护林>苗圃>用材林>耕地>荒草地>灌木林>盐碱地.时空分布调查发现,不同生境土壤螨类群落分布具有明显的表聚性特征,并在不同土层及季节间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),季节动态变化依次为秋季最多、其次春季和冬季,夏季最少.不同生境土壤螨类群落间的Jaccard相似性指数属于中等不相似(处于0.25~0.50).结果表明,该流域不同生境土壤螨类群落组成和多样性具有明显的生境和季节差异特征,气候差异、植被类型和人为干扰是影响土壤螨类群落多样性和季节变化的主要因素.
In order to identify the characteristics and dynamics of soil mite diversity in different habitats of oasis in the Sogonghe River Basin, the spatial distribution patterns of mulberry species, including shelterbelts, shelterbelts, nurseries, arable land, saline-alkali land, shrubbery And grassland habitat as the research object, the soil mites in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer were separated by the improved dry funnel method and the community structure, distribution characteristics and seasonal dynamics of soil mites in different habitats were analyzed.The soil mites 7754 Only belonging to 100 subfamilies, 72 subfamilies of Acari subfamily, among which Diabrotidae and Orotrachelus were the dominant groups. Among 7 different habitats, soil mite taxa, individual density and diversity, as well as different seasons (P <0.05), and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was shelterbelts> nursery> timber forest> arable land> weed land> shrubbery> saline-alkali soil, and the distribution of soil mite community in different habitats was obvious (P <0.05). The seasonal dynamic changes were the highest in autumn, followed by the spring and winter, the least in summer.The Jacard between the soil mites in different habitats was Jaccard The similarity index was moderately similar (at 0.25-0.50). The results showed that the composition and diversity of soil mites in different habitats of the basin had obvious habitat and seasonal differences. The differences of climate, vegetation type and man-made disturbance were the main influencing factors The main factors of diversity and seasonal variation of community.