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贵州地处云贵高原,种茶历史悠久,茶园害虫种类丰富,在近些年考查鉴定基础上,记载了隶属于53科10目2纲的茶树害虫231种、害螨5种及其地理分布,其中鳞翅目18科110种,同翅目12科77种,这两目物种数占总物种数的81%。就优势种演替趋势来看,20世纪50年代前期茶树害虫不防治;从50年代后期至70年代末,主要害虫是假眼小绿叶蝉和茶毛虫,其中50年代茶牡蛎盾蚧、椰圆蚧和茶网蝽等害虫也较严重,60年代卷叶蛾类、尺蠖类等鳞翅目害虫严重为害,70年代刺蛾类、蓟马类严重发生。80年代初以来,侧多食跗线螨、茶橙瘿螨、茶叶瘿螨、假眼小绿叶蝉、茶黄蓟马、黑刺粉虱和茶牡蛎盾蚧等小型刺吸式害虫为害重,鳞翅目和鞘翅目等咀嚼式害虫降为次要害虫。分析优势种演替主要原因,认为:茶园耕作制度从茶树种籽的单丛种植、单行条植、到双行密植和多行密植,再到无性系良种双行条植,氮肥施用量大量增加,显著改变了茶区气候、茶园生境小气候,改善了茶园肥力,芽叶持嫩性增强,营养组成改善,生境愈趋稳定,害虫种类和个体数量增多;其次,茶树品种不断更换,主推的高产品种增多,营养组分含量增加,刺吸式害虫增多;尤其是化学农药的常年使用,致大体型、代数少的害虫逐渐减少,小体型、多化性害虫上升为主要害虫,在促使茶园昆虫区系的演替过程中起着主要作用。
Based on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Guizhou has a long history of growing tea and rich pest species in the tea plantation. Based on the examination and identification in recent years, 231 species of tea tree pests belonging to 53 families, 10 orders and 2 orders, 5 species of pest mites and their geographical distribution, Lepidoptera, of which 18 families 110 species, Homoptera 12 families 77 species, the two species accounted for 81% of the total species. From the perspective of the succession of dominant species, tea pests did not prevent in the early 1950s. From the late 1950s to the late 1970s, the main pests were green leafhoppers and tea caterpillars. Among them, the 50s tea oyster, Insects such as scale bug and tea bug were also more serious. In the 1960s, leaf lettuce moths and scoparia species were severely damaged by lepidopteran pests. In the 1970s, thorn moths and thrips seriously occurred. Since the early 1980s, many small sucking pests such as Tetranychus urticae, Tenebrio mite, Tenebrio molitor, Phyllostachys pubescens, Thrips tabaci, black thorn whitefly and tea oyster, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera and other chewing pests reduced to secondary pests. The main reasons for the succession of dominant species were analyzed. It was concluded that the cultivation system of tea plantation increased from monocultures of monoculture, single row, double row close planting and multi-row close planting to double row planting of clones. , Significantly changed the climate of the tea district, the microclimate of the tea plantation habitat, improved the fertility of the tea plantation, increased the tenderness of buds and leaves, improved the nutritional composition, the habitat became more stable, the number of insect species and individuals increased; secondly, Increasing variety, nutrient content increased, piercing-type pests increased; especially the perennial use of chemical pesticides, causing the general type, fewer algebras gradually reduce the number of pests, small size, diversity increased as the main pests in promoting tea plant insects The succession of fauna plays a major role.