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原发性胆囊癌作为最常见的胆道恶性肿瘤,恶性程度较高,术前明确诊断率低,临床上确诊时大多属中晚期,总体预后较差。胆囊癌病因迄今未明确,胆囊黏膜的不典型增生和胆囊腺瘤是目前公认的胆囊癌癌前病变。而部分胆囊炎、胆囊结石、胆囊息肉样病变以及先天性胰胆管合流异常等胆囊良性疾病可能通过一定的病理生理过程而逐渐演变成胆囊癌癌前病变,进而发展成为胆囊癌。因此,重视胆囊癌癌前病变,把握合理的手术时机,以提高胆囊癌的存活率。
As the most common biliary malignant tumor, primary gallbladder cancer has a higher malignancy and a lower preoperative definite diagnosis rate. Most of the patients with advanced gallbladder cancer are in the advanced stage when diagnosed clinically. The overall prognosis is poor. The cause of gallbladder cancer is not yet clear, atypical gallbladder hyperplasia and gallbladder adenoma is now recognized as a precancerous lesion of gallbladder. And some cholecystitis, gallstones, gallbladder polypoid lesions and congenital pancreaticobiliary anomalies and other gallbladder benign diseases may be a certain pathophysiological process and gradually evolved into gallbladder precancerous lesions, and then developed into gallbladder cancer. Therefore, attention to precancerous lesions of gallbladder, to seize the appropriate timing of surgery to improve the survival rate of gallbladder cancer.