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目的 分析某乡镇废旧蓄电池回收对环境和儿童血铅水平的影响 ,为治理环境、防止儿童铅中毒提供科学依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法 ,从高污染区、中污染区和相对清洁区分别选取 5～ 9岁在校生进行血铅测定 ,并对其生活环境中空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦中铅的含量进行检测。结果 高污染区的空气、土壤和小麦铅污染最严重 (均值分别为 0 0 16 3mg/m3 、1 16 14mg/kg、7 90 5 0mg/kg) ,饮用水铅含量虽低于国家卫生标准 ,但明显高于相对清洁区 ;中污染区的空气、土壤和小麦也受到一定程度铅污染 (均值分别为 0 0 0 94mg/m3 、0 2 910mg/kg、2 4 2 75mg/kg) ,饮用水铅含量低于国家卫生标准 (均值为 0 0 0 4 8mg/L) ;相对清洁区的空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦无明显铅污染 (均值分别为0 0 0 0 4 7mg/m3 、0 0 5 34mg/kg、0 0 0 32mg/L、0 36 5 0mg/kg)。 3组儿童血铅均值分别为 5 32 μg/L、4 5 2 μg/L、12 6 μg/L ,3组间存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且环境铅含量越高 ,儿童血铅水平越高。结论 该镇废旧蓄电池回收行业已造成区域性严重铅污染 ,致使儿童血铅明显升高 ,社会干预刻不容缓。
Objective To analyze the impact of waste battery recycling on the environment and children’s blood lead levels in a township and to provide a scientific basis for controlling the environment and preventing children’s lead poisoning. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select the blood lead levels of 5-9-year-old students in high-polluted area, medium-polluted area and relatively clean area. The content of lead in air, soil, drinking water and wheat in their living environment Test. Results The lead, air pollution, soil and wheat were the most polluted in high pollution area (mean, 0 1663mg / m3, 1 1614mg / kg and 7 905 0mg / kg respectively). Although the lead content in drinking water was lower than the national health standards, But was significantly higher than that in the relatively clean area. The air, soil and wheat in the polluted area were also affected by some lead pollution (mean values: 0 0 94mg / m3, 0 2 910mg / kg and 24275mg / kg, respectively) Lead content was lower than the national health standard (mean: 0 0 0 4 8mg / L); there was no obvious lead pollution in air, soil, drinking water and wheat in relatively clean areas (mean values: 0 0 0 0 4 7mg / m3, 0 0 5 34 mg / kg, 0 0 0 32 mg / L, 0 36 5 0 mg / kg). The average blood lead levels were 5 32 μg / L, 4 5 2 μg / L and 12 6 μg / L in 3 groups, respectively (P <0 05), and the higher the lead content was, The higher the blood lead level. Conclusion The town of waste battery recycling industry has caused serious regional lead pollution, resulting in children’s blood lead was significantly increased, social intervention without delay.