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“油见油,三年愁”;“谷后谷,抱着哭”;“倒茬如上粪”,这是几个有关倒茬轮作的农谚。为什么倒茬就好,重茬、迎茬就坏,这里是有很多科学道理的。茬口是栽培某一作物后所表现出来的土壤生产性能和特点,它是作物特性及其耕作栽培技术共同影响的结果。如作物的根系、根量、根深、根分泌物、根际微生物;密度、覆盖度、生育期与收获早晚,从土壤吸收的养分和水分量,留下根茬的量、根茬组织的坚硬度、根茬的含氮量、根茬上遗留的病虫害等,对土壤产生多方面的影响。但是,不同作物有不同特性,对土壤影响也不相同。人们对不同作物采用的耕作栽培技术也有差异。如翻地深浅、整地和播种方法、施肥种类和数量、管理粗细、垄行大小,灌不灌水等等。这就形成不同茬口特性的双重因素。
“Oil see oil, three years worry”; “valley after the valley, holding cry”; “stubble stupid as above”, which is several on the crop rotation of the farming proverb. Why stubble like, stubble, stubble on the bad, here is a lot of scientific truth. Crop stubble is the performance and characteristic of soil produced after cultivating a crop, and it is the result of the common influence of crop characteristics and cultivation and cultivation techniques. Such as crop roots, root volume, root depth, root exudates, rhizosphere microorganisms; density, coverage, growth period and harvest sooner or later, from the soil to absorb nutrients and water content, leaving the amount of stubble, stubble tissue hardness Degree, the nitrogen content of stubble, pests and diseases left over stubble, etc., have many impacts on soil. However, different crops have different characteristics and affect the soil differently. There are also differences in cultivated techniques used by different crops. Such as turning the ground, planting and sowing methods, types and quantity of fertilizers, management thickness, ridge size, irrigating and so on. This forms a double factor in the characteristics of different stubble.