论文部分内容阅读
目的了解淮河流域农村饮用水水质卫生状况及其变化趋势。方法按照《淮河流域癌症综合防治工作方案》,对2011~2015年的淮河流域农村饮用水水质进行监测,监测指标包括三大类共19项内容。结果 5年来,共监测水样1 512份,超标978份,超标率64.68%。分散式供水的超标率明显高于集中式供水(χ~2=79.46,P<0.0001),丰水期水质超标率明显高于枯水期(χ~2=26.68,P<0.0001)。在分类指标中,分散式供水水质以微生物指标超标最高,达到35.98%,不同类别指标超标率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=19.45,P<0.001)。集中式供水水质以毒理指标超标率最高,达到28.50%,不同类别指标超标率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=20.23,P<0.001)。单项指标中氟化物超标率最高,达到24.80%,其次是总大肠菌群21.03%和耐热大肠总数19.05%。结论安徽省淮河流域农村水质合格率不高,其中高氟和微生物污染是影响淮河流域农村饮用水水质的主要危险因素。
Objective To understand the hygienic status of drinking water in rural areas of Huaihe River and its changing trend. Methods According to the Work Plan of Integrated Prevention and Control of Cancer in Huaihe River Basin, the quality of rural drinking water in Huaihe River Basin from 2011 to 2015 was monitored. The monitoring indicators included 19 items in three categories. Results In the past five years, a total of 1 512 water samples were monitored, exceeding the standard of 978, with a rate of 64.68% exceeding the standard. The exceeding standard rate of decentralized water supply was significantly higher than that of centralized water supply (χ ~ 2 = 79.46, P <0.0001). The exceeding standard rate of water quality in wet season was significantly higher than that in dry season (χ ~ 2 = 26.68, P <0.0001). Among the classification indexes, the water quality of decentralized water supply exceeded the highest standard of microorganism, reaching 35.98%. The difference between the exceeding indexes of different categories was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 19.45, P <0.001). The water quality of centralized water supply had the highest rate of exceeding the standard of toxicological indicators, reaching 28.50%. The difference of exceeding the standard of different categories was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 20.23, P <0.001). Fluoride exceeded the standard rate in a single indicator highest, reaching 24.80%, followed by the total coliforms 21.03% and the total number of heat-resistant 19.05%. Conclusion The passing rate of rural water in Huaihe River Basin in Anhui Province is not high. High fluoride and microbial contamination are the main risk factors affecting the quality of rural drinking water in Huaihe River Basin.