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为寻找有效且安全的纸质文物用抑菌剂,选用ZnO纳米颗粒进行研究。通过TEM和XRD表征其形貌特征和晶体结构,通过酸碱性测试、静置观察对比实验和抑菌活性测试来评价ZnO纳米颗粒的抑菌性能和安全性。所选材料尺寸20-50 nm左右,具有六方相晶体结构且结晶良好。添加纳米ZnO颗粒可以改善浆糊的酸碱性,确保古书画的装裱环节中不加重酸化程度,甚至可以中和宣纸酸性。静置观察实验表明,添加纳米ZnO颗粒可在一定时间内有效抑制浆糊中霉菌的生长,而且浆糊的颜色外观与空白浆糊基本一致。色差测试说明添加纳米ZnO颗粒不会改变浆糊和宣纸的颜色。抑菌活性测试表明,添加纳米ZnO颗粒可有效抑制浆糊中霉菌的生长,对于金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有明显的抑制效果。总之,ZnO纳米颗粒抑菌剂可以控制浆糊的酸化,具有明显的抑菌效果,且不影响宣纸和浆糊颜色,具备一定的安全性。
In order to find an effective and safe antimicrobial agent for paper relics, ZnO nano-particles were selected for study. Morphology and crystal structure were characterized by TEM and XRD. The antibacterial properties and safety of ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated by acid-base test, static observation and contrast test and antibacterial activity test. The selected material is about 20-50 nm in size and has a hexagonal phase crystal structure and good crystallinity. Adding nano-ZnO particles can improve the pH of the paste to ensure that the ancient painting and calligraphy framed links do not increase the degree of acidification, and can even neutralize the acidity of rice paper. Static observation experiments show that adding nano-ZnO particles in a certain period of time can effectively inhibit the growth of mold in the paste, and paste the appearance of color and blank paste is basically the same. Color difference test shows that the addition of nano-ZnO particles does not change the color of paste and rice paper. Antibacterial activity tests showed that the addition of nano-ZnO particles can effectively inhibit the mold growth in the paste, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli has a significant inhibitory effect. In short, ZnO nanoparticulate bacteriostat can control the acidification of the paste, has obvious antibacterial effect, and does not affect the color of rice paper and paste, with a certain degree of safety.