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高氯酸盐是一种具有持久性的有毒污染物质,其环境污染问题引起了人类的广泛关注。天然环境中的高氯酸盐比例很少,主要存在于土壤中;此外,在某些环境条件下,大气中也能产生一定量的高氯酸盐;其人为污染主要来源于大量生产和使用的高氯酸铵和高氯酸钾。高氯酸盐易溶于水,可以在水环境中快速迁移扩散,在动植物体内富集并通过人类摄食作用进入人体。高氯酸根能够竞争性利用钠/碘转运体(NIS),抑制甲状腺吸收碘离子,进而影响甲状腺和脑垂体的激素水平,阻碍生物体正常的新陈代谢和生长发育。笔者基于高氯酸盐对甲状腺、生长发育、生殖行为及神经系统等潜在危害的毒理学研究,综述了高氯酸盐对生物体的毒性作用机制,并对其研究前景进行了展望。
Perchlorate is a kind of persistent toxic pollutants, its environmental pollution caused a wide range of human concern. In the natural environment, the proportion of perchlorate is very low, mainly in the soil. In addition, under certain environmental conditions, a certain amount of perchlorate can also be produced in the atmosphere. The man-made pollution mainly comes from mass production and use Ammonium perchlorate and potassium perchlorate. Perchlorate is readily soluble in water and can rapidly migrate and disperse in aquatic environments, accumulate in plants and animals and enter the human body through human ingestion. Perchlorate can competitively utilize sodium / iodide transporter (NIS) and inhibit thyroid uptake of iodide, thereby affecting the hormone levels in the thyroid and pituitary glands and hindering the normal metabolism and growth of organisms. Based on the toxicological study of perchlorate on the thyroid gland, growth and development, reproductive behavior and nervous system, the toxicological mechanism of perchlorate on organism was reviewed. The prospect of its research was also prospected.