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七十年代以来,国内外曾发生多起因接触实验动物而使工作人员感染流行性出血热(EHF)。1990年WHO在印度新德里召开了东地中海地区,东南亚地区及西太平洋地区《病毒性出血热国际会议》,将EHF的流行类型明确分为三类:即农村型、城市型和实验动物型。关于实验动物型EHF的传播途径,国内外学者进行了一些实验研究和流行病学调查,提出可能与气溶胶传播有关。但对气溶胶中能否携带EHF病毒(EHFV)均未得到肯定结果。为此,我所于1992年对实验动物型EHF传播途径中气溶胶内是否携带EHFV进行了实验研究,现将结果报告如下。 材料和方法 一、实验动物 Wistar大白鼠、昆明种小白鼠、青紫兰家兔,均由江苏省实验动物中心提供,符合1988年我国颁布《实验动物管理条例》规定的要求。体重分别为大白鼠150～200克,小白鼠15～20克,兔1000～1500克。实验动物用前喷洒0.5％敌敌畏杀灭体外寄生昆虫,以直接免疫荧光法(DFAT)检测EHFV抗原,间接免疫荧光法(IFAT)检测EHFV抗体,两者均阴性且全身皮肤无破损者饲养5～7天备用。
Since the 1970s, many workers at home and abroad have been exposed to epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) due to exposure to laboratory animals. In 1990, WHO convened the “International Conference on Viral Hemorrhagic Fever” in the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific in New Delhi, India. The epidemic types of EHF were clearly divided into three categories: rural, urban and experimental animal types. About experimental animal-type EHF transmission, domestic and foreign scholars conducted some experimental research and epidemiological investigation, put forward may be related to the spread of aerosols. However, the aerosol can carry EHFV (EHFV) were not positive results. For this reason, I conducted an experimental study on whether or not EHFV was carried in the aerosol in experimental animal-type EHF transmission in 1992, and the results are reported as follows. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Experimental animals Wistar rats, Kunming mice and Cymbidium rabbits were all provided by Laboratory Animal Center of Jiangsu Province. They are in conformity with the requirements stipulated in Regulations for the Administration of Laboratory Animal Care promulgated in 1988 in China. Body weight were 150 to 200 grams of rats, mice 15 to 20 grams, 1000 to 1500 grams of rabbits. Experimental animals were killed by spraying 0.5% dichlorvos before in vitro parasites, direct immunofluorescence (DFAT) detection of EHFV antigen, indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) detection of EHFV antibodies, both were negative and no damage to the body skin were fed 5 ~ 7 days spare.