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目的了解郴州市职业危害现状,提出针对职业危害的预防和控制措施。方法以2011年底注册有职业危害的1 803家企业为调查对象,采用职业卫生现场调查与检测、职业健康监护、急性中毒事件调查资料分析等方法。结果全市1 803家企业工作场所职业病危害因素合格率低,分别是:粉尘类(煤尘10.8%、电焊烟尘32.8%、矽尘77.7%),有毒化学物质类是二氧化锰50.8%、铅烟51.4%、铅尘52.3%、砷及化合物64.4%、钨69.7%、甲苯82%,物理因素是噪声54.1%、电焊弧光64.2%。职业病发病中急性职业中毒主要以一氧化碳、砷化氢、硫化氢为主,慢性职业病发病以尘肺、铅中毒、苯中毒、白内障、噪声聋为主。郴州市职业病危害因素存在种类多、接触人数多、职业卫生检测和职业健康体检率低、企业职业病防控能力不高、职业卫生管理能力不强等问题。结论郴州市工业企业职业病危害因素对职业人群造成了严重的健康影响,制定以结合实际突出重点加强监管、企业履行职业病防治主体责任、提高卫生技术服务能力等综合的职业危害控制和干预措施,才能有效降低职业病危害风险。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational hazards in Chenzhou City and put forward prevention and control measures against occupational hazards. Methods By the end of 2011 registered a total of 1,803 occupational hazards as the survey object, using occupational health field surveys and testing, occupational health monitoring, acute poisoning incident investigation data analysis and other methods. Results The occupational disease risk factors of 1 803 enterprises in the city were low in passing rate: dust (10.8% of coal dust, 32.8% of welding fume and 77.7% of silica dust), 50.8% of the toxic chemical substances were manganese dioxide, 51.4% lead dust, 52.3% lead dust, 64.4% arsenic and compounds, 69.7% tungsten and 82% toluene. The physical factors are noise 54.1% and arc welding 64.2%. Occupational disease incidence of acute occupational poisoning mainly carbon monoxide, arsine, hydrogen sulfide, chronic occupational diseases with pneumoconiosis, lead poisoning, benzene poisoning, cataracts, noise-based. There are many occupational hazards in Chenzhou City, there are many types of occupational hazards, the number of contacts, occupational health testing and occupational health examination rate is low, enterprise occupational disease prevention and control ability is not high, occupational health management capacity is not strong and so on. Conclusion Chenzhou City, industrial enterprises occupational hazards have a serious health impact on the occupational population, to develop a combination of actual emphasis on strengthening supervision, corporate responsibility to fulfill the responsibility of occupational disease prevention and control, improve health service capacity and other comprehensive occupational hazards control and intervention measures, ability Effectively reduce the risk of occupational hazards.