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苹果树经过一定生产阶段,产量达到相对高额隐定的时期称为盛果期。对株行距3×5米以上的大中冠苹果树,盛果期一般是13—25年生。这一时期的树体特点是:千周40厘米以上,树冠覆盖率在40—75％之间,树高3—5米,亩产1000—3000公斤。盛果期树管理目标是:通过合理施肥,培肥土壤,满足树体生长结果的需求,通过整形修剪,调整营养生长与生殖生长的矛盾,保证结果部位有良好的光照条件,维持健壮树体,通过疏花疏果措施实现树体的合理负载,达到稳产优质。石家庄果树研究所在冀中南地区大面积推广应用果树配套栽培技术,对放任生长盛果期大树进行改造,可使产量均递增34.7—46.7％;好果率达到88.9—92.4％,等级果达到94％,纯收益年均递增60.9—78.5％,充分显示厂苹果大树改造技术投资小,见效快、效益高的特点,现把这套技术要点简介如下:
Apple tree after a certain stage of production, production reached a relatively high period of time known as the full fruit period. Tree row spacing of 3 × 5 meters above the crown of apple trees, fruit-bearing period is generally 13-25 years. The characteristics of the tree during this period are: 40 centimeters per thousand weeks, canopy cover 40-75%, tree height 3-5 meters, per mu 1000-3000 kilograms. Sheng fruit tree management objectives are: through reasonable fertilization, fertilize the soil to meet the needs of the tree growth results, through the plastic trim, adjust the contradiction between vegetative and reproductive growth, to ensure that the results of parts have good lighting conditions, to maintain robust tree , Through the thinning and thinning fruit trees to achieve a reasonable load to achieve stable and high quality. Shijiazhuang Fruit Tree Research Institute in Jizhongnan large area popularization and application of fruit trees supporting cultivation techniques, to allow the growth and development of large tree transformation, can increase the yield of 34.7-46.7%; good fruit rate of 88.9-92.4%, grade fruit Reaching 94%, net income increased by an average of 60.9-78.5% per year, fully demonstrating the small apple plant transformation technology investment, quick, high efficiency features, the technical points are summarized as follows: