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目的观察社区护理干预对6~24月龄婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻的防控效果。方法选择深圳市龙华新区辖区具有可比性的两个大社区,干预组社区采用健康教育干预3个月,对照组社区不进行健康教育干预。两组社区各随机随访500名6~24月龄婴幼儿看护人。于干预开始6个月内,每个月底对两组社区随访对象进行电话回访调查,了解幼儿的轮状病毒疫苗接种率、轮状病毒腹泻发病率、病情程度及其看护人对上述护理干预的满意度。结果实际随访干预组社区477人,对照组社区480人。干预结束后3个月,干预组社区随访到幼儿口服轮状病毒疫苗接种率为69.60%(332/477),对照组社区随访到婴幼儿口服轮状病毒疫苗接种率为40.63%(195/480),两组接种率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=81.19,P<0.01)。干预组社区婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻发病率为9.64%(46/477),对照组社区为19.58%(94/480),两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.93,P<0.01);干预组社区病情程度的Ridit值为0.44,对照组社区为0.53,两组差异有统计学意义(u=2.24,P<0.05)。干预组社区婴幼儿看护人的满意度为92.45%(441/477),对照组为74.79%(359/480),两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=54.42,P<0.01);干预组社区婴幼儿看护人满意度的Ridit值为0.42,对照组社区为0.58,两组差异有统计学意义(u=10.00,P<0.01)。结论社区健康教育干预可提高婴幼儿口服轮状病毒疫苗接种率和看护人满意度,降低发病率,减轻病情程度。
Objective To observe the prevention and control effect of community nursing intervention on rotavirus diarrhea in infants and young children aged 6 ~ 24 months. Methods Two large communities with comparable districts in Longhua New District of Shenzhen City were selected. Community intervention in intervention group was conducted for 3 months with intervention of health education, and community health education was not conducted in control group. Two groups of community were randomly followed by 500 caregivers of 6-24 months old infants and young children. At the end of each month, two groups of community follow-up subjects were interviewed by telephone at the end of each month to find out the incidence of rotavirus vaccination among young children, the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea, the severity of illness, and the extent of their caregivers’ Satisfaction. Results The actual follow-up intervention group 477 community, control group 480 community. At 3 months after the intervention, the vaccination rate of oral rotavirus in the intervention group was 69.60% (332/477), while that in the control group was 40.63% (195/480) after oral administration of the oral rotavirus vaccine ), The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 81.19, P <0.01). The incidence of infant rotavirus diarrhea was 9.64% (46/477) in the intervention group and 19.58% (94/480) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 18.93, P <0.01) The Ridit value of the community condition was 0.44 in the group and 0.53 in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (u = 2.24, P <0.05). In the intervention group, the satisfaction rate of infant caregivers was 92.45% (441/477) in the intervention group and 74.79% (359/480) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 54.42, P <0.01) The Ridit value of infant caregiver satisfaction was 0.42, while that of the control group was 0.58. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (u = 10.00, P <0.01). Conclusion Intervention of community health education can improve oral vaccination rate and caregiver satisfaction rate of oral rotavirus in infants and young children, reduce morbidity and reduce the severity of illness.