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目的了解长沙市高毒物品的种类及职业危害现状,为制定职业病的预防措施提供依据。方法采用职业卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害因素现场监测和职业健康检查进行综合评价。结果工作场所存在的高毒物质有32种,以锰、苯、铅、汞、镍、镉、铬、砷及化合物、磷化氢、硫化氢、氰化物、甲醛、砷化氢、一氧化碳等18种为主。重金属及类金属监测点达到《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》GBZ2.1-2007[1]年均77.3%。职业健康体检项目主要以锰、铅、苯等11种为主,年均体检率60.82%,禁忌证检出率年均2.71%,职业病检出率0.034%;1986年以来共发生43起急性职业中毒事件,其中苯、一氧化碳、砷化氢、硫化氢、氯气等急性职业中毒29起(67.44%)。结论长沙市高毒物品的职业危害不容忽视,防治工作重点是建立职业病危害风险预警机制,加强职业病危害因素监测和职业健康监护等相关工作。
Objective To understand the types of high-toxic substances in Changsha City and the status quo of occupational hazards and provide the basis for the prevention measures of occupational diseases. Methods Occupational hygiene survey, field occupational hazards in the workplace and occupational health examination were conducted to make a comprehensive evaluation. Results There were 32 highly toxic substances in the workplace, including manganese, benzene, lead, mercury, nickel, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and compounds, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide, cyanide, formaldehyde, arsine and carbon monoxide. The main type. The monitoring points of heavy metals and metalloid reach the “Occupational exposure limit of harmful factors in the workplace” GBZ2.1-2007 [1] with an average annual rate of 77.3%. Occupational health examination items are mainly dominated by 11 kinds of manganese, lead and benzene, with an average annual examination rate of 60.82%, an average annual contraceptive rate of 2.71% and occupational disease detection rate of 0. 034%; a total of 43 acute occupations since 1986 Poisoning incidents, including benzene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen arsine, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine and other acute occupational poisoning 29 (67.44%). Conclusion The occupational hazards of high-toxic goods in Changsha City should not be neglected. The prevention and control work should focus on establishing early-warning mechanism of occupational hazards and strengthening the monitoring of occupational hazards and occupational health monitoring.