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为了解我国北方地区人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)的感染情况及其危险因素,我们在北京、沈阳及青岛三市对1202例早孕妇女及其胚胎采用间接酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和免疫组织化学法(PAP)进行HCMV-IgM 和 IgA 抗体和抗原的检测。结果显示沈阳孕妇活动性 HCMV 感染率最高(10.0%),青岛次之(9.0%),北京最低(5.5%),差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。在胚胎中 HCMV 抗原的检出率亦以沈阳最高(16.8%),青岛居中(14.5%),北京最低(10.0%)。孕妇血清中 HCMV-IgM 抗体与其胚胎抗原的分布频数呈密切的一致性(x~2=5.15,P<0.05)。说明胎儿可以从其 HCMV 阳性的母亲获得先天性感染。孕妇的活动性 CMV 感染传播给其胚胎的危险度为22.4%。比群体感染率高(13.7%)。孕妇活动性 CMV感染除公认的与年龄、职业、经济等因素有关外,尚与地理环境、季节及以煤为燃料有一定的相关性。作者还对减少孕妇中活动性 HCMV 感染提出了建议。
In order to understand the HCMV infection status and its risk factors in northern China, we used indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry to detect the frequency of HCMV infection in 1202 pregnant women and their embryos in Beijing, Shenyang and Qingdao. Chemical methods (PAP) for the detection of HCMV-IgM and IgA antibodies and antigens. The results showed that pregnant women in Shenyang had the highest incidence of active HCMV infection (10.0%), followed by Qingdao (9.0%) and Beijing (5.5%), with significant difference (P <0.05). The detection rate of HCMV antigen in embryos was also highest in Shenyang (16.8%), Qingdao middle (14.5%) and Beijing lowest (10.0%). The distribution of HCMV-IgM antibody in the serum of pregnant women and their embryonic antigens were in close agreement (x ~ 2 = 5.15, P <0.05). This shows that the fetus can get a congenital infection from its HCMV positive mother. The risk of pregnant women transmitting active CMV infection to their embryos was 22.4%. Than the group infection rate (13.7%). Active pregnant women with CMV infection in addition to the recognized age, occupation, economic and other factors, but also with the geographical environment, seasonal and coal-based fuel has a certain relevance. The authors also made recommendations to reduce active HCMV infection in pregnant women.