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在有机合成中经常遇到非均相反应,这类反应的速度慢、效果差。特别是水和有机溶剂的两相反应很慢,甚至不能进行。自70年代以来,发现了不少能使水相中的反应物转移入有机相的试剂,使反应可在水和有机溶剂两相中进行。这类试剂即称为相转移催化剂(Phase-Transfer Catalyst,简称PTC)。采用PTC可改变离子的溶剂化程度,增大离子的反应活性,加快反应速度,简化处理手续,提高收率。
In organic synthesis often encounter heterogeneous reactions, such reactions slow, poor results. In particular, the two-phase reaction between water and organic solvents is slow or even impossible. Since the 1970s, quite a few reagents have been found that allow the transfer of reactants in the aqueous phase into the organic phase, allowing the reaction to proceed in both aqueous and organic solvents. This kind of reagent is called phase-transfer catalyst (Phase-Transfer Catalyst, referred to as PTC). The use of PTC can change the degree of solvation of ions, increase the reactivity of ions, speed up the reaction rate, simplify the handling procedures and improve the yield.