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目的旨在提高腹水病因的诊断率和鉴别诊断率。方法自行研制多功能腹膜检查针并对临床上１５８例腹水患者进行检查。结果这种多功能腹膜检查针对４２例怀疑腹水由结核性腹膜炎引起的病理诊断率达９０．４８％；对４７例不明原因腹水的临床病因确诊率达６３．８３％；对２２例肝硬化伴腹痛和发烧怀疑原发性腹膜炎的确诊率达４０．９％，单纯腹水生化检查的诊断率只占１８．２％，前者明显优于后者；４５例原因不明腹水患者单纯腹水细胞学检查仅５例发现癌细胞，进行腹膜刷检后１３例找到癌细胞，显著优于腹水细胞学检查。结论多功能腹膜检查针对结核性腹水，癌性腹水和肝硬化合并原发性腹膜炎有重要的临床诊断价值，而且操作简单，在病床边即可检查，可在基层医院广泛使用。
The purpose is to improve the diagnosis of ascites etiology and differential diagnosis. Methods to develop a multi-function peritoneal needle and clinically 158 cases of ascites patients were examined. Results This multifunctional peritoneal examination of 42 cases of suspected ascites tuberculosis peritonitis caused by pathological diagnosis rate of 90.48%; 47 cases of unexplained ascites clinical diagnosis rate of 63.83%; 22 cases of cirrhosis Abdominal pain and fever suspected of primary peritonitis confirmed rate of 40.9%, simple ascites biochemical test diagnosis rate was only 18.2%, the former was better than the latter; 45 patients with unexplained ascites due to ascites cytology only In 5 cases of cancer cells, 13 cases of cancer cells were found after peritoneal brushing test, which was significantly better than that of ascites cytology. Conclusions Multifunctional peritoneal examination has important clinical diagnostic value for tuberculous ascites, cancerous ascites and cirrhosis combined with primary peritonitis. It is simple to operate and can be examined at the bedside and can be widely used in primary hospitals.