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目的分析广西壮族自治区流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行病学特征,为预防控制流脑提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法。结果广西壮族自治区1996～2007年共报告流脑419例,年平均发病率0.07/10万;病死68例,年平均病死率为16.23%;地区分布高度分散;1～4月为发病高峰;0～9岁发病率高,近年有向10～19岁移动的倾向;男性发病多于女性;以农民、学生和散居儿童为多;偶有爆发疫情,在全国首次发生C群流脑爆发。病例菌株以A群为主(61.53%),其次为C群(15.38%)和B群(7.69%),呈多样化态势。A群菌株对复方新诺明100%耐药,C群和B群菌株对磺胺100%耐药。健康人群咽拭子带菌率1.28%;血清A群和C群抗体阳性率分别为29.95%和21.72%,抗体平均值分别为4.57μg/ml和1.70μg/ml。结论广西壮族自治区近年流脑有发病率低、病死率高、病例高度分散、菌群分布多样化、发病年龄高移等特点。实施以接种疫苗为主的综合性措施是预防控制流脑的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (meningitis) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and provide evidence for the prevention and control of meningitis. Methods Describe methods of epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 419 cases of meningitis were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1996 to 2007, with an average annual incidence of 0.07 / lakh. Sixty-eight cases died of diseases with an average annual mortality rate of 16.23%. The distribution was highly distributed. The peak was from January to April. ~ 9 years old with high incidence, in recent years there is a tendency to move to 10 to 19 years of age; more men than women incidence; peasants, students and scattered children as much; occasional outbreaks, the first occurrence of Group C meningitis outbreak in the country. The cases were mainly A (61.53%), followed by C (15.38%) and B (7.69%). A group of strains of cotrimoxazole 100% resistant, C group and B group of strains resistant to sulfa 100%. The prevalence of throat swab in healthy population was 1.28%. The positive rates of serum group A and group C antibody were 29.95% and 21.72% respectively, and the average antibody levels were 4.57μg / ml and 1.70μg / ml, respectively. Conclusion In recent years, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has the characteristics of low morbidity, high case fatality rate, highly dispersed cases, diverse flora distribution and high age of onset. The implementation of a comprehensive vaccination-based approach is key to preventing the control of meningitis.