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在流场剪切下发生形变的高分子穿过比自身尺寸还小的纳米孔的现象被称为高分子的超滤.阐明该现象是高分子物理研究中的一个重要课题,它的研究与许多其它领域相关,如高分子研究中常用的体积排除色谱,石油开采用的高分子助剂,DNA、mRNA和蛋白链的跨膜传输.然而,因缺乏合适的理想高分子样品及纳米孔中超滤流场的不确定性,直到21世纪初人们仍未系统地在实验上对高分子的超滤行为进行本质探究.为揭示其物理本质及验证相关理论,近十年来我们课题组合成了一系列具有不同拓扑结构的模型高分子,解决了在纳米孔道中形成理想拉伸流场等一系列技术难题,成功开展了对高分子链在柱状纳米小孔中超滤行为的系统研究.本文回顾了高分子链穿过纳米小孔的经典理论,并综述了我们所取得的研究成果,即(1)首次成功观测到了线形高分子链穿越柱状纳米小孔的“coil-to-stretch”转变行为,并发现过孔临界流量的确与高分子链长无关,但与小孔直径相关,与de Gennes经典理论的预测不相符;(2)结合实验观测结果,建立了不同拓扑结构高分子链穿过柱状纳米小孔的统一理论描述;(3)通过高分子模型样品,系统地在实验上研究了过孔临界流量与高分子链拓扑结构、小孔结构之间的关系;(4)根据实验研究结果和新发展的理论描述,成功实现了不同拓扑结构高分子链混合物的分离以及高分子聚集结构之间的快速转变.
The phenomenon that the polymer that has undergone shear deformation in the flow field passes through the nanopore smaller than its own size is called the ultrafiltration of macromolecule.The elucidation of this phenomenon is an important issue in polymer physics research, Many other fields are related, such as the commonly used volume exclusion chromatography in macromolecule research, macromolecular additives for petroleum exploitation, transmembrane transport of DNA, mRNA and protein chains, however, due to the lack of suitable ideal macromolecule samples and ultrafiltration Flow field of uncertainty, until the early 21st century, people have not yet systematically experimental ultrafiltration of polymers in nature to explore the nature of reveal their physical nature and verification theory, the past 10 years our portfolio has become a series of The model macromolecules with different topological structures have solved a series of technical problems such as forming the ideal drawing flow field in the nanowell and successfully carried out a systematic study on the ultrafiltration behavior of macromolecule chains in the columnar nanopores.In this paper, Chain through the nano-holes of the classical theory, and reviewed our research results obtained, namely: (1) the first successful observation of the linear polymer chains through the columnar nano-holes It is found that the critical flow of the via hole is indeed not related to the length of the polymer chain, but it is related to the diameter of the pinhole and is not consistent with the prediction of de Gennes classical theory. (2) Based on the experimental observations, A uniform theoretical description of the polymer chains with different topological structures passing through the columnar nano-pores was established. (3) Through the macromolecule model samples, the critical flow and the topological structure of polymer chains, (4) According to the experimental research results and the theoretical description of new development, the separation of polymer chains with different topological structures and the rapid transition between polymer aggregates have been successfully achieved.