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抗菌肽是广泛存在于生物体内的一类小分子多肽,具有广谱抗菌、不易诱发微生物产生耐药性的特点。抗菌肽不仅可以在细胞膜上形成穿膜孔道,使膜快速去极化,引起细菌死亡,还有其特殊的胞内杀伤机制,包括通过与核酸结合阻断DNA复制、RNA合成;影响蛋白质合成;抑制隔膜、细胞壁合成,阻碍细胞分裂;抑制胞内酶的活性等途径,干扰细菌正常生理代谢,从而抑制细菌生长、杀灭细菌。本文就抗菌肽对细菌胞内杀伤作用的分子机制作一综述,并对当前抗菌肽应用中存在的一些问题进行初步探讨。
Antibacterial peptides are a kind of small molecule peptides widely existing in the organism. They have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and are not easy to induce microbial resistance. Antibacterial peptides can not only form the transmembrane pore on the cell membrane, depolarize the membrane rapidly, cause bacterial death, but also have its special mechanism of intracellular killing, including blocking DNA replication and RNA synthesis by binding to nucleic acid, affecting protein synthesis, Inhibit the diaphragm, cell wall synthesis, hinder cell division; inhibition of intracellular enzyme activity and other means, interfere with normal physiological metabolism of bacteria to inhibit bacterial growth and kill bacteria. In this paper, the molecular mechanism of antimicrobial peptides on cytotoxicity in bacteria is reviewed, and some problems existing in the application of antimicrobial peptides are discussed.