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分析了20世纪70年代至今Tuxpeno、Suwan、墨黄9号和西南山区地方品种等(亚)热带种质选系及改良系在中国玉米育种和生产上的研究与应用。结果表明,优良玉米群体Tuxpeno、Suwan和墨黄9号等,优良玉米自交系S37、S11、S1611、QB39、毕405、449、D19、M9、五-151、J51和5311等,优良玉米杂交种恩单2号、会单4号、雅玉2号、桂单19、兴黄单89-2、交三单交和黔单13等,对中国玉米育种和生产产生了一定影响,其间利用的主要杂优模式为SuwanT(uxpeno等)×西南山区地方品种选系或温改地选系或典型温带种质选系等。新世纪如何继续沿用原有杂优模式和利用(亚)热带种质改良中国骨干类群并创建新的杂优模式都值得玉米育种家高度重视,为中国玉米育种和生产再上新台阶奠定基础。
The researches and applications of the tropical germplasm selection and improvement of the local varieties of Tuxpeno, Suwan, Mohuang 9 and the southwest mountainous region from the 1970s to the present in breeding and production of maize in China were analyzed. The results showed that excellent maize hybrids such as Tuxpeno, Suwan and Mellow Yellow 9, excellent maize inbred lines S37, S11, S1611, QB39, Euploid 405,449, D19, M9, Wu-151, J51 and 5311, Seed breeders No.2, No.4, No.2 Yajian, Guidan19, Xinghuangdan89-2, Zao San Shan Zi and Qian Dan13 had some impact on China’s maize breeding and production, The main heterosis model is SuwanT (uxpeno, etc.) × Southwest Mountainous Region Variety selection of local varieties or to change to the temperate or typical temperate germplasm selection and so on. In the new century, how to continue using the existing heterosis model and using the (sub) tropical germplasm to improve China’s backbone groups and create new heterotic patterns are worth the attention of corn breeders, laying the foundation for a new level of maize breeding and production in China.