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养老金制度自1889年诞生以来,历经数次大的制度变迁。但是,学术界直接分析养老金制度演化的文献还不多见。本文从新制度经济学的分析视角指出,政府的财政约束和合法性追求在很大程度上决定了养老金制度改革的起因和制度变迁的路径。在养老金制度变迁中出现的碎片化现象,其重要原因在于不同利益集团的博弈以及制度的路径依赖。
The pension system has undergone several major institutional changes since its birth in 1889. However, there is not much literature on the direct analysis of the evolution of the pension system in academia. From the perspective of the analysis of new institutional economics, this paper points out that the fiscal constraints and the pursuit of legitimacy of the government largely determine the causes of the reform of the pension system and the path of institutional change. The main reason for the fragmentation phenomenon in the transition of the pension system lies in the game of different interest groups and the dependence of the system.