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目的探索适合辖区现状的基本职业卫生服务模式。方法 2010—2011年,在宝山区内对职业病危害企业进行摸底调查,并建立健全多部门合作的组织网络,完善保障措施,开展职业健康监护、职业病危害因素检测、职业卫生宣传教育,加强职业卫生监督,推进基本职业卫生服务工作。结果全区排摸职业病危害企业1 090家,其中职业病严重危害企业271家,一般危害企业779家。企业职工总数为125 301人,其中接触危害因素的职工共28 712人,占职工总数的22.9%。经过2年试点工作,宝山区职业健康监护率达到94.6%,比试点前(54.2%)增加了40.4%。职业病危害因素检测与评价覆盖率54.5%,比试点前(31.1%)增加了23.4%。职业病防治法律法规相关内容知晓率由培训前78.4%提高到培训后95.1%;不同岗位接触职业病危害因素种类部分知晓率由54.9%提高到85.2%;职业病危害个人防护部分知晓率由80.2%提高到98.1%。职业病危害项目申报率100%,比试点前(45.1%)增加了54.9%;中小企业职业卫生监督检查覆盖率达100%。结论通过2 a的积极探索,宝山区基本职业卫生服务工作取得一定成效,职业病危害因素检测与评价覆盖率、职业健康检查覆盖率、职业卫生监督覆盖率、职业卫生知识知晓率等都得到提高。多部门合作是适合宝山区基本职业卫生服务的工作模式。
Objective To explore the status quo of the basic occupational health service model. Methods From 2010 to 2011, we conducted a thorough investigation of occupational hazards in Baoshan district and set up and improved an organizational network for multi-sector cooperation to improve safeguards, conduct occupational health monitoring, detection of occupational disease hazards, and publicity and education on occupational health and enhance occupational health Supervise and promote basic occupational health services. Results A total of 1 090 occupational hazards were found in the whole district, of which 271 were seriously endangered by occupational diseases and 779 were generally endangered by enterprises. The total number of employees was 125,301, of which 28 712 were workers exposed to hazardous factors, accounting for 22.9% of the total number of employees. After 2 years of pilot work, the occupational health monitoring rate in Baoshan District reached 94.6%, an increase of 40.4% over the pre-trial period (54.2%). Occupational hazards detection and evaluation coverage 54.5%, than before the pilot (31.1%) increased 23.4%. Occupational disease prevention and control laws and regulations related content awareness rate increased from 78.4% before training to 95.1% after training; different occupational exposure to occupational hazards species part of the awareness rate increased from 54.9% to 85.2%; occupational hazards personal protection part of the awareness rate increased from 80.2% 98.1%. The application rate of occupational hazards was 100%, an increase of 54.9% over the pre-trial (45.1%); the occupational health supervision and inspection coverage of SMEs reached 100%. Conclusion Through the active exploration for 2 years, the basic occupational health services in Baoshan District have achieved some success. The detection and evaluation coverage of occupational disease hazards, occupational health examination coverage, occupational health supervision coverage and occupational health knowledge awareness are all improved. Multi-sectoral cooperation is suitable for Baoshan district basic occupational health service mode of operation.