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钢吊车梁的变截面支座是为处理不同跨度的相邻吊车梁在柱肩梁处沿纵向的联接以及调整厂房柱上、下段的长度以增强厂房刚度所常用的结构形式,但在变截面处的疲劳性能和疲劳强度的验算在我国修订钢结构设计规范时并未解决;而重级工作制吊车梁上翼缘和制动板焊接连接的疲劳性能如何,由于缺乏符合实际工况的试验研究资料,在规范中亦未作定论。若能采用焊接,则施工方便,节约投资。为了解决这两个问题,重庆建筑大学,重庆钢铁设计研究院和攀钢公司组成课题组进行攻关。钢吊车梁变截面支座有梯形过渡支座,圆弧式突变支座和直角式突变支座三种形式,而前两者制作加工比较麻烦,故设计采用了直角式突变支座作为研究对象。除在室内进行7根(14种支座尺寸)缩尺梁的双向荷载疲劳试验外,又在工厂做了实物梁的测试工作;同时利用大型结构分析程序(ADINA)和自编程序进行有限元分析,求算变截面处各板件的应力分布状态以及各板件的几何参数与应力集中系数的相关关系和各参数的优化解。最后,通过试验和理论分析,提出了有关直角式突变支座和梁上翼缘与制动板焊缝连接的疲劳验算点、疲劳类别、容许应力幅、计算应力幅及其表达式等一整套疲劳设计方法(验算方法和构造措施)。前后历时4年,达到了预期的研究目的。
The variable cross-section bearing of steel crane girder is a commonly used structural form for processing the connection of adjacent crane girder with different spans along the longitudinal direction at the column and shoulder girder and adjusting the lengths of the upper and lower sections of the workshop pillar to enhance the rigidity of the workshop, but the fatigue performance at variable cross-sections The calculation of fatigue strength and fatigue strength have not been resolved in the revision of steel structure design specifications in China. However, the fatigue performance of the welding connection between the upper flange of the heavy-duty crane beam and the brake plate is not available. Due to the lack of experimental research data in accordance with actual conditions, It has not been conclusive yet. If welding can be used, construction is convenient and investment is saved. In order to solve these two problems, Chongqing University of Architecture, Chongqing Iron and Steel Design and Research Institute and Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company formed a task force to tackle the problem. The variable cross-section bearings of steel crane girders have trapezoidal transitional bearings, arc-type abrupt supports and right-angled abrupt supports. The former two are cumbersome to make and process, so the design uses a right-angled abrupt support as the research object. . In addition to the two-way load fatigue test of seven (14 bearing size) scaled beams in the room, the physical beams were tested at the factory; the finite element analysis was performed using a large-scale structural analysis program (ADINA) and a self-programming program. Analyze and calculate the stress distribution status of each plate at the variable cross-section, and the correlation between the geometric parameters of each plate and the stress concentration factor and the optimal solution of each parameter. Finally, a set of fatigue design, including fatigue check points, fatigue categories, allowable stress amplitudes, calculated stress amplitudes, and expressions for the connection of right-angle type catastrophic bearings and upper flanges of flanges and brake plate welds, was proposed through experiments and theoretical analysis. Method (check method and construction measure). Before and after lasting 4 years, it achieved the desired research purpose.