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“视唱练耳”原系西方美声唱法声乐教学中发声训练的重要而有效的方法。“视唱”,就是看着乐谱唱,“练耳”,就是训练听音能力。因此,“视唱练耳”实际上是集识谱技能、歌唱技能、听音技能三大技能为一体的综合训练方法。它涉及的面很广,包括音程、和弦、调式、调性、节奏、节拍、旋律、音准、力度、识谱等各要素。戏曲练声是指戏曲学员(或学生)与戏曲演员练习戏曲发声或学唱戏曲唱腔。很显然,这是属于戏曲所独有的练声,其方法也是传统的“吊嗓”(即只用胡琴、鼓板伴奏的练唱方法)或“喊嗓”(即无乐器伴奏,练习者自己在室外空旷地大声喊出“唔”、“咿”、“啊”等单音的练声方法)。“吊嗓”与“喊嗓”,尽管戏曲分为“练唱”与“练声”,但用声乐理论来衡量,均属于广义的“练声”范畴,本文“练声”的概念,也取广义内涵。
“Solfeggio” was originally an important and effective method of vocal training in the vocal music teaching of the western vocal music. “Singing” is watching the score singing, “practicing the ear” is training listening ability. Therefore, “solfeggio solstice” is actually a comprehensive training method that integrates the three skills of identification, singing and listening skills. It covers a wide range of topics, including intervals, chords, modalities, tonality, rhythm, tempo, melody, pitch, intensity, and spectrum. Opera practice refers to the opera practitioners (or students) and opera actors practicing opera sound or learn opera singing. Obviously, this is a unique practice of opera. The method is also traditional “hanging throat” (that is, practicing only with a lyric or drum pad accompaniment) or “yelling throat” In outdoor open area, they shout out “Wu”, “咿”, “Ah” and other single sound practice method). Although the opera is divided into “practicing singing” and “practicing sound”, “vocal” and “shouting voice” all fall into the category of “practicing sound” in a broad sense. However, the concept of “practicing sound” Get broad meaning.