论文部分内容阅读
[目的]探讨不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度、水分及甘蔗生长和产量的影响,为不同地膜在甘蔗生产中的应用提供参考。[方法]以露地栽培为对照,采用普通无色透明地膜、乳白色光降解除草地膜、黑色及灰黑双色4种不同地膜进行甘蔗覆盖栽培,盖膜期测定土壤温度和含水量,生长期调查甘蔗出苗率、分蘖率,测量甘蔗株高、茎径和有效茎数等农艺性状,收获期计算蔗茎产量和效益。[结果]覆盖地膜可明显提高土壤温度和土壤含水量,除灰黑双色地膜外,其他覆膜处理可提高土壤温度0.3~0.8℃;各覆膜处理较对照可有效提高土壤含水量10.1%~17.4%。覆盖地膜同时可提高甘蔗出苗率、分蘖率、有效茎数和蔗茎产量,分别比对照增加0.8%~9.9%、20.6%~34.9%、5 190~10 980条/hm2和6.4%~14.9%,但对甘蔗株高和茎径影响不明显。经济效益分析结果表明,乳白色光降解除草地膜处理的经济效益最好,比对照增效5 987.2元/hm2;其次为普通无色透明地膜和黑色地膜,分别增效1876.5和1813.5元/hm2;灰黑双色地膜效益较差。[结论]乳白色光降解除草地膜可在甘蔗生产中大力推广应用,黑色地膜与普通无色透明地膜可作为新型地膜逐步推广,灰黑双色地膜较厚不宜推广使用。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the effects of different plastic film mulching on soil temperature, water content and sugar cane growth and yield, and provide reference for different plastic film mulching in sugarcane production. [Method] With open field cultivation as control, the common colorless and transparent mulch film, milky white light degraded mulching film, black and gray-black two-color mulching film were used for the cultivation of sugarcane, the soil temperature and water content were measured during the mulching period, Seedling emergence rate, tillering rate, measuring the plant height, stem diameter and effective stalk number of cane and other agronomic traits. The yield and benefit of cane were calculated at harvest time. [Result] Covering mulching film could significantly increase soil temperature and soil water content. Except for gray and black two-color mulching film, other mulching treatments could increase the soil temperature by 0.3 ~ 0.8 ℃. The mulching film treatments could effectively increase the soil water content by 10.1% 17.4%. Covering the plastic film at the same time can improve sugarcane emergence rate, tillering rate, effective stem number and cane yield, respectively, than the control by 0.8% to 9.9%, 20.6% to 34.9%, 5190-10 980 / hm2 and 6.4% to 14.9% , But had no obvious effect on sugarcane plant height and stem diameter. The results of economic analysis showed that the economic benefits of milky white photodegradation and herbicidal treatment were the best, which were 5 987.2 yuan / hm2 higher than that of the control, followed by ordinary colorless and transparent plastic film and black plastic film, respectively 1896.5 and 1813.5 yuan / hm2; Black double-color film is less effective. [Conclusion] The milky white photodegradation herbicidal film could be popularized and applied in the production of sugarcane. The black film and common colorless and transparent film could be gradually popularized as the new type of plastic film. The thick gray and black film should not be used widely.