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约在二百年前,人们开始应用光学显微镜来观察金属的组织。这是金属研究的一个极其重要的里程碑,由此而逐步地揭示出金属内部的显微世界,建立起金属材料的成份、组织与性能之间的关系,奠定了金属学的基础。至今,金相显微分析仍然是生产、使用和研究金属材料的一项基本分析方法,继续在发挥其重要作用。但是,光学显微镜的分辨本领限制了其进一步的发展,不能满足日益深入的研究需要。随着电子显微镜在三十
About two hundred years ago, people began to use optical microscopy to observe the organization of the metal. This is an extremely important milestone in the study of metals, which gradually revealed the microscopic world within the metal, the establishment of the relationship between the composition of metal materials, organization and performance, laid the foundation of metallography. To date, microscopic metallurgical analysis remains a fundamental analytical method of producing, using and studying metallic materials and continues to play its important role. However, the resolving power of optical microscope limits its further development and can not meet the needs of more and more research. With the electron microscope at thirty