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1.序言有关空间容器的文章已经发表了不少,在这里笔者根据自己在电火箭研制中所取得的经验和通过文献调研,着重叙述小型空间容器及其排气系统。所谓空间容器即是模拟宇宙环境的大型真空装置,用于人造卫星以及星上仪器的研究试验。为此,必须创造出与人造卫星在轨道上遇到的宇宙环境相同效果的条件。近年来,人造卫星大型化了,所以进行试验的空间容器也必须大型化。即使是自旋稳定卫星,例如预定于1981年2月11日用 NⅡ型火箭发射的技术试验卫星(ETS-Ⅳ)的直径也达2.1米,高达2.8米(图1略)。消耗能量大的三轴稳定卫星需要巨大的太阳电池帆板。计划中的地球资源卫星上的天线和帆板的尺寸达10米以上,因此从整个卫星试验来说需要超大型的空间容器。
1. Preamble A number of articles about space containers have been published, and here the author focuses on small space vessels and their exhaust systems based on their experience gained in the development of electric rockets and through literature research. The so-called space container is a large-scale vacuum device that simulates the cosmic environment, and is used for researching and testing artificial satellite and satellite instruments. For this purpose, conditions must be created that have the same effect as the cosmic environment encountered by satellites in orbit. In recent years, satellites have been enlarged, so space containers to be tested must also be enlarged. Even spin-stable satellites, such as the ETS-IV, which is scheduled to launch on February 11, 1981, with a Type II rocket, reach a diameter of 2.1 meters and up to 2.8 meters (Figure 1). Three-axis stabilized satellites that consume large amounts of energy require huge solar panels. Planned earth resources The size of the antenna and windsurfing on satellites is more than 10 meters, requiring very large space vessels for the entire satellite experiment.