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作为中国近现代翻译史上最重要、最有影响力的翻译家,林纾和鲁迅对我国翻译事业的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。但对于他们的翻译,学界一直毁誉参半,并由此引发了旷日持久的“直译”与“意译”、“归化”与“异化”之争。本文以林纾和鲁迅的翻译为考察对象,对翻译批评的维度和视野进行重新审视,指出任何拘泥于语言层面和文本比较或把“信”视为惟一尺度的评价都不足以对翻译作品和翻译现象做出合理的阐释与客观的判断。翻译批评应从特定的历史环境出发,关注不同的文化、政治因素,并充分重视译者对翻译的认识和定位在翻译过程中所起的作用,构建从表面走向深层、从单一走向多元、从静止走向动态的多重视野。
As the most important and influential translator in the history of modern Chinese translation, Lin Shu and Lu Xun made indelible contributions to the development of Chinese translation. But for their translation, the academic circles have been mixed with each other, and lead to the protracted “literal translation” and “free translation”, “naturalization” and “alienation” controversy. This article takes Lin Shu and Lu Xun’s translation as the object of investigation, re-examines the dimensions and horizons of translation criticism, and points out that any evaluation that is rigidly based on linguistic level and text comparison or regard “letter ” as the sole criterion is not sufficient for translation Works and translation phenomenon to make a reasonable explanation and objective judgment. Translation criticism should start from a specific historical environment, pay attention to different cultural and political factors, and give full attention to the translator’s understanding of translation and its role in the process of translation. From the surface to the deep, from a single to multiple, from the static Moving to a dynamic multi-horizons.