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为进一步了解特大粒甘蓝型油菜种质DL01的大粒机理,以普通籽粒H8为对照,田间调查并比较分析它们的生育期、主花序角果和籽粒在形态、重量、灌浆速率和相对含水量等特征及变化。结果表明,特大籽粒DL01的平均全生育期为207d,比H8长17d,尤其是灌浆期长12d以上;在开花当天,DL01的花梗直径、子房的长度和宽度及重量分别是H8的1.30、1.21、1.39、1.46倍;其最大角果皮光合面积和角果鲜重分别是H8的2.2和3.0倍;单荚胚珠数二者相当,但DL01的着粒数比H8少,最大差异为64%;DL01最大籽粒鲜重(百粒重1.20g)、干重、体积和灌浆速率均是H8的2倍;在含水量方面,在荚角成熟前DL01的果皮含水量比H8略高(3%~5%),但H8荚果高含水量(>75%)期只能维持68d,而DL01荚果高含水量(>80%)期可维持80d;H8籽粒鲜重在47d时达到最高,其含水量为52%,DL01籽粒鲜重在62d时达到最高,其含水量为50%。因此结论是,DL01大粒源自大子房、粗花梗、大的角果皮表面积、低着粒数、高的果皮与籽粒含水量并且灌浆持续时间较长。
In order to further understand the mechanism of large grain size of DL01 in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), we used the common grain H8 as the control, and investigated the growth period, the main inflorescences and the grain morphology, weight, filling rate and relative water content Features and changes. The results showed that the average full-growth period of DL01 was 207 days, longer than H8 for 17 days, especially for the filling period of 12 days. On the day of flowering, the diameter of DL01 peduncle, length and width of ovary were 1.30 for H8, 1.21,1.39 and 1.46 times respectively. The photosynthetic area and fresh weight of fresh pod Kok were 2.2 and 3.0 times higher than that of H8, respectively. The number of single pod ovules was similar, but DL01 had less grain number than H8, with the maximum difference of 64% ; DL01 had the highest fresh weight per grain (weight of 1.20g), dry weight, volume and filling rate were twice that of H8. In terms of water content, the water content of DL01 was slightly higher than that of H8 before maturity (3% ~ 5%). However, the high water content (> 75%) of H8 pod could only be maintained for 68 days, while the high moisture content (> 80%) of DL01 pod maintained for 80 days. The water content was 52%. The fresh weight of DL01 reached its peak at 62 days and its water content was 50%. Therefore, it is concluded that the DL01 grains originate from the large ovary, the pedicel, the large pericarp surface area, the low grain number, the high peel and the grain water content, and the long grain filling duration.