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目的动态观察豚鼠关节软骨降解的生化及形态学改变,探讨骨关节炎早期病变机制。研究磁共振成像(MRI)检测早期软骨退变的可能性及其表现。方法选用Hartley雌性豚鼠30只,分为出生后1、3、6个月龄,每组各10只。观察豚鼠膝关节软骨降解情况,测定其血清蛋白多糖和雌二醇水平,取胫骨平台软骨测定羟脯氨酸、糖醛酸含量及含水率。取关节软骨组织作蛋白多糖含量测定和组织病理学检查,同时行双侧膝关节矢状面T1WI、PDW和T2WI成像检查。结果3个月组关节软骨即有降解。豚鼠的雌二醇水平和软骨含水率随年龄的增长而升高,而血清蛋白多糖和软骨糖醛酸含量随年龄的增长而下降,各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。软骨羟脯氨酸含量各时间段差异无统计学意义,3个月组关节软骨明显变薄,磁共振(MR)信号强度明显降低。6个月组更加明显,与出生后1个月相比,两者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),关节软骨明显变薄,MR信号强度明显降低;与对照1个月组比较,两者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论原发性骨关节炎血清及软骨生化指标随年龄增高改变明显。雌激素代谢可能与原发性骨关节炎的发病机制有关。关节软骨的MR信号强度与蛋白多糖含量具有相关性,蛋白多糖的降解在MRI上表现为软骨厚度的变薄和MRI信号强度的降低。这表明通过MRI检查,有可能发现早期的软骨退变。
OBJECTIVE To observe the biochemical and morphological changes of articular cartilage degradation in guinea pig and to explore the mechanism of early stage osteoarthritis. To study the possibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of early cartilage degeneration and its performance. Methods Thirty Hartley female guinea pigs were selected and divided into 1, 3 and 6 months old, 10 in each. The degradation of knee cartilage in guinea pigs was observed. The levels of serum proteoglycan and estradiol were measured. The content of hydroxyproline and uronic acid and the content of uronic acid were determined by tibia plateau cartilage. Articular cartilage tissue was taken for determination of proteoglycan content and histopathology, and bilateral knee joint sagittal T1WI, PDW and T2WI imaging were performed at the same time. Results The articular cartilage was degraded in 3 months. The estradiol level and cartilage moisture content increased with age in guinea pigs, while the content of serum proteoglycan and uronic acid decreased with age. There was significant difference among groups (P <0.05). The content of hydroxyproline in cartilage had no significant difference in each time period. The cartilage of articular cartilage became thinner and the signal intensity of MR decreased obviously in 3 months. 6 months group was more obvious, compared with 1 month after birth, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), articular cartilage was significantly thinned, MR signal intensity was significantly reduced; compared with the control group 1 month, The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The serum and cartilage biochemical indexes of primary osteoarthritis changed obviously with age. Estrogen metabolism may be related to the pathogenesis of primary osteoarthritis. MR signal intensity of articular cartilage and proteoglycan content is related to the degradation of proteoglycan on MRI showed thinner cartilage thickness and MRI signal intensity decreased. This shows that by MRI examination, it is possible to find early cartilage degeneration.