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以一种在研放射性气溶胶能谱测量装置为例,分析重要性采样方法对蒙特卡罗计算效率的影响。通过在无偏倚计算中引入偏差控制参数,将对粒子极角的均匀抽样转换为对数抽样,为了得到无偏计算结果而对粒子权重值进行调整,在软件中实现重要性采样方法。重要性采样方法及其计算公式完全在程序Geant4的基础上实现,并利用该软件分析了偏差参数对计算效率的影响。计算结果表明,重要性采样方法能够显著提高蒙特卡罗计算的效率,但是实际应用中偏差参数的取值不应过大。
Taking a radioactive aerosol energy spectrum measuring device as an example, the influence of importance sampling method on Monte Carlo calculation efficiency is analyzed. Through the introduction of bias control parameters in unbiased calculation, the uniform sampling of the polar angle of the particle is converted into a logarithmic sampling, and the particle weight value is adjusted in order to obtain the unbiased calculation result, and the importance sampling method is implemented in the software. The importance sampling method and its calculation formula are completely realized on the basis of the program Geant4. The software is used to analyze the influence of the deviation parameter on the calculation efficiency. The calculation results show that the importance sampling method can significantly improve the Monte Carlo calculation efficiency, but the practical application of the deviation parameter values should not be too large.