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目的探讨某冶炼厂女工的工作相关疾病。方法对某冶炼厂361例女工的体格检查资料进行分析,按是否接触职业性有害因素将其分为接触组228例和对照组133例。并对标化率比进行计算,对差异有统计学意义的结果再利用2检验进行分析。结果与对照组比较,接触组乳腺小叶增生标化率比的95%置信区间(95%CI)为[1.26,2.49]。经2检验,接触组不同年龄段乳腺小叶增生患病率21岁～组、31岁～组与41岁～组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.017);接触组不同工龄段乳腺小叶增生的患病率比较,工龄1年～组、6年～组与工龄<1年组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.008);1年～组、6年～组与与工龄>15年组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.008)。结论冶炼厂有害因素接触可能是女职工乳腺小叶增生发生的危险因素之一,乳腺小叶增生可能是冶炼厂接触有害因素女工的工作相关疾病,应予以重视。
Objective To investigate the work-related diseases of women workers in a smelter. Methods The physical examination data of 361 women workers in a smelter were analyzed. According to whether they were exposed to occupational harmful factors, they were divided into contact group (228 cases) and control group (133 cases). And the standardization rate ratio was calculated, the difference was statistically significant results and then use the 2 test for analysis. Results Compared with the control group, the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the ratio of benign and malignant lobular hyperplasia in the contact group was [1.26,2.49]. By 2 test, the incidence of breast lobular hyperplasia in different age groups of 21-year-old group, 31-year-old group and 41-year-old group were significantly different (P <0.017) The prevalence of hyperplasia was significantly different between 1 year to 6 years group and 6 years to 1 year group (P <0.008) The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.008). Conclusion The contact of harmful factors in smelter may be one of the risk factors for breast lobular hyperplasia in women workers. Breast lobular hyperplasia may be the work-related disease of female workers exposed to harmful factors in smelters, and should be paid attention to.