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目的 了解中国和日本老年人的体力活动和生活质量及其影响因素.方法 采用整群抽样的方法抽取中国沈阳市和日本东广岛市60～ 85岁老年人共658人进行健康、体力活动和生活质量问卷调查.结果 中国男性老年人体力活动量(MET·min/week) (M=2 856,P25=1 848,P75=4305)低于日本男性老年人(M=3 294,P25=1 596,P75=8359);中国女性老年人体力活动量(M=3 189,P25=2052,P75=4424)高于日本女性老年人(M=2448,P25=986,P75=4 651)(均P＜0.05).中国老年人的总生活质量(81.0 3±8.68 vs 71.79±10.82)、生理健康(78.44±12.43 vs 73.57±12.12)和心理健康(83.55±8.04 vs 70.07±11.37)的得分均高于日本老年人(均P＜0.001);中国老年人的生理功能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能、精神健康的得分均高于日本老年人,但生理职能和情感职能的得分低于日本老年人(均P＜ 0.05).罹患慢性疾病、女性和低水平体力活动量的中国老年人生活质量较低(P＜0.001);罹患慢性疾病和低水平体力活动量的日本老年人生活质量较低(P＜ 0.001).结论 中国老年人的体力活动量男性低于日本,而女性高于日本;中国老年人的生活质量高于日本,罹患慢性疾病和缺乏体力活动降低中国和日本老年人的生活质量.“,”Objective To evaluate physical activity level and quality of life (QOL) and their influencing factors in elder Chinese and Japanese people.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 658 people aged from 60 to 85 years in Shenyang city of China and Higashi-hiroshima city of Japan.Questionnaire surveys were used to collect health condition,physical activity and QOL.Results Male old Chinese reported a lower physical activity level (metabolic equivalent of energy [MET] minutes/week) (mean[M] =2 856,percentile 25[P25] =1 848,percentile 75[P75] =4 305) than that of male old Japanese (M =3 294,P25 =1 596,P75 =8 359);while female old Chinese reported a higher physical activity level (M=3 189,P25 =2 052,P75 =4 424) than that of female old Japanese (M=2 448,P25 =986,P75 =4 651) (all P ＜ 0.05).Chinese old people showed higher scores of QOL (81.03 ± 8.68 vs.71.79 ± 10.82),physical component summary (78.44 ± 12.43 vs.73.57 ± 12.12),and mental component summary (83.55 ± 8.04 vs.70.07 ± 11.37) than those of Japanese old people (all P ＜ 0.001).Scores of physical functioning,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,and mental health in Chinese old people were all higher than those in Japanese old people but the scores of role physical and role emotional were lower (all P ＜ 0.05).The Chinese old people suffering from chronic diseases,being female,and reporting lower level of physical activity had significantly poorer QOL (P ＜ 0.001),while the Japanese old people suffering from chronic diseases and reporting lower level of physical activity had significantly poorer QOL (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Physical activity level in male old Chinese is lower than in male old Japanese,while physical activity level in female old Chinese is higher than in female old Japanese.Chinese old people had a higher QOL than Japanese old people.Chronic diseases and insufficient physical activity decrease QOL in both Chinese and Japanese old people.