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以消费者剩余和生产者剩余的总和来衡量市场经济的效率,是新古典经济学的基本范型。根据这一范型,自发的市场均衡是效率最优和利益和谐的叠加状态,经济理论和经济政策的任务就在于如何推动现实经济向这一理想状态不断逼近。然而,“经济剩余”范型依赖于四个有历史局限性的方法论原则,即方法论个人主义原则、形式逻辑推理原则、和谐均衡分析原则、理论检验绝对免疫原则。“经济剩余”范型无助于我们评价资本主义市场经济的真实效率,其真正功能在于为资本主义制度的合理性提供辩护,它具有鲜明的资本主义意识形态特征。
Measuring the efficiency of market economy by the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus is the basic paradigm of neoclassical economics. According to this paradigm, spontaneous market equilibrium is a superposition of optimal efficiency and harmony of interests. The task of economic theory and economic policy lies in how to promote the real economy to keep approaching this ideal state. However, the paradigm of “economic surplus” relies on four methodological principles with historical limitations, namely the methodological individualism principle, the formal logic reasoning principle, the harmonious equilibrium analysis principle, and the theory test of the absolute immunization principle. The “economic surplus” paradigm does not help us to evaluate the true efficiency of the capitalist market economy. Its real function is to justify the capitalist system, which has a distinctive character of capitalist ideology.