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Objective:Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection has the advantages of open and laparoscopic surgeries.There is still lack of comparison of surgical outcomes between hand-assistied laparoscopic liver resection (HALLR)and open liver resection (OLR).This study compared the surgical outcomes of the two approaches between wellmatched patient cohorts.Methods:Patents who received liver resection during January 2014 and October 2017 in Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were included in this retrospective study.Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias between the two groups.Operation and short-term surgical outcomes were compared between the well matched groups.Results:During this period,232 patents with a median age of 55.1 years old received OLR,while 49 patients with a median age of 54.7 years old received HALLR.Compared with HALLR group,OLR group has a higher proportion in male patents (190/232,81.9％ vs.34/49,69.4％,P=0.048) and lower albumin (43.2±4.5 vs.44.8±3.7,P=0.020).After PSM,49 patents from each group were included in the following analysis.Two groups were well balanced in their baseline characteristics,liver functions,preoperative treatments,abdominal surgery history,and surgical difficulty.None perioperative mortality was observed in both groups.Operation time and postoperative complications were similar in two groups (P=0.935,P=0.056).The HALLR group showed less bleeding amount (177.8±217.1 mL vs.283.1±225.0 mL,P=0.003) and shorter postoperative stay period (6.9±2.2 d vs.9.0±3.5 d,P=0.001).Conclusions:We demonstrated that hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery is feasible and safe for liver resection,including some difficult cases.HALLR can provide better bleeding control and faster recovery after surgery.