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共轭聚合物在光电子信息领域具有非常广阔的应用前景,受到了广泛的关注和研究.大部分共轭聚合物通常采用过渡金属络合物催化偶联的方法得到,然而这类方法对单体纯度要求高、反应时间长、条件苛刻,而且很难精确控制共轭聚合物的分子量、多分散性以及链端基团.近年来,催化转移缩聚作为一种可控合成共轭聚合物的新方法,引起了人们的浓厚兴趣.在这类反应过程中催化剂能发生分子内转移到达链端,活化聚合物链端官能团,随后与单体反应进行聚合物链的增长,因此反应遵循链增长机理,可以实现对共轭聚合物结构特性的有效控制,如分子量、多分散性和分子结构/构型等.目前,通过催化转移缩聚已经成功合成出一系列分子量可控、分散度窄的共轭均聚物、聚合物刷、毛发状核壳微粒、嵌段共聚物、交替共聚物以及大分子引发剂、大分子单体(用于制备刚-柔嵌段共聚物)等.本文结合国内外的研究现状对催化转移缩聚反应可控合成共轭聚合物及其机理作了较为全面的综述,并展望了其发展趋势.
Conjugated polymers have a very broad application prospect in the field of optoelectronic information, and have attracted a lot of attention and research.Most conjugated polymers are usually obtained by the transition metal complex catalyzed coupling method, however, High purity, long reaction time and harsh conditions, and it is difficult to precisely control the molecular weight, polydispersity and chain end groups of the conjugated polymers. In recent years, as a new controllable conjugated polymer, catalytic transfer polycondensation Method, has aroused people’s interest in such reactions during the catalyst can occur within the transfer of intramolecular chain ends, activation of polymer chain-end functional groups, and then with the monomer reaction of the polymer chain growth, the reaction follows the chain growth mechanism , Which can effectively control the structural properties of conjugated polymers, such as molecular weight, polydispersity and molecular structure / configuration etc. At present, a series of conjugates with controlled molecular weight and narrow dispersion have been successfully synthesized by catalytic transfer polycondensation Homopolymers, polymer brushes, hair-like core-shell particles, block copolymers, alternating copolymers, and macroinitiators, macromonomers - soft block copolymer) described herein in conjunction with the current research on the catalytic transfer polycondensation polymers and controlled synthesis mechanism is explained more comprehensive review conjugate, and the prospect of the development trend.