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蘇聯高等學校的全部敎學方法是根據下面這個基本要求出發的,就是:由高等工科學校裏畢業出來的工程師,應該能夠解決自己專業範圍內任何工程技術上的問題。當然工程師所能解決的工程問題的複雜程度,是隨著他們所積累起來的實際經驗而逐漸增加的。但僅僅是實際經驗,即使是很豐富的實際經驗,對工程師說來還是不夠的。在大多數情況下,在工程師面前常常發生新的問題,這些問題當然沒有現成的答案。還有另一些情況,已有的答案在新的條件下已經不適用了。這時工程師一定要找出新的解決辦法,如採用新的材料、創造新的結構、研究新的生産方法或新的工作規程等等。
The entire method of studing in higher education institutions in the Soviet Union is based on the following basic requirement: an engineer graduated from a higher engineering school should be able to solve any engineering or technical problem in his or her own specialty. Of course, the complexity of engineering problems that engineers can solve gradually increases with the practical experience they have accumulated. But just practical experience, even if it is a wealth of practical experience, is not enough for engineers. In most cases, new problems often occur in front of engineers, and of course there are no readily available answers to these questions. In other cases, the existing answers are no longer applicable under the new conditions. At this time, engineers must find new solutions, such as adopting new materials, creating new structures, studying new production methods or new work procedures, and so on.