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为研究磷肥后移及磷肥减量对水稻产量和磷肥利用率的影响,采用田间试验,通过对比分析配方施肥与磷肥后移及减量条件下水稻磷素吸收累积量、利用效率及产量的差异。结果表明:在相同的施磷水平下,与磷肥全部基施处理相比,磷肥后移30%处理(m_(基肥)∶m_(穗肥)=7∶3)使水稻成熟期磷素含量提高了4.3%,磷素总累积量和净累积量分别提高了12%和25.6%,磷肥贡献率、农学利用率、偏生产力和吸收利用率提高了27.7%、33.6%、8.2%和27.3%,水稻产量提高了8.2%;而磷肥减量30%后移30%处理和磷肥减量50%后移30%处理的水稻产量则分别减少了1.8%和6.5%,但皆差异性不显著(P>0.05)。配方施肥条件下,磷肥适当后移可增加水稻生育后期磷素含量、净吸收量和磷素累积量,提高水稻产量和磷肥利用效率;磷肥适当减量可维持水稻正常产量。
In order to study the effect of phosphorus removal and phosphate fertilizer reduction on rice yield and P utilization, a field experiment was conducted to compare and analyze the differences in phosphorus accumulation, utilization efficiency and yield under the conditions of formula fertilization and phosphorus removal and reduction . The results showed that under the same phosphorus application level, phosphorus (P_2O_3) shifted to 30% (m_ (basal): m_ (panicle) = 7: 3) increased P content in mature rice Up by 4.3%, the total phosphorus accumulation and the net accumulation increased by 12% and 25.6% respectively, and the contribution rate of phosphorus fertilizer, agronomic utilization, partial productivity and absorption efficiency increased by 27.7%, 33.6%, 8.2% and 27.3% The yield of rice increased by 8.2%. However, the yield of rice reduced by 30% after 30% reduction of phosphate fertilizer and 30% after reduction of phosphate fertilizer decreased by 1.8% and 6.5% respectively, but the difference was insignificant (P > 0.05). Under the condition of formula fertilization, the proper rearward movement of P could increase the content of phosphorus, net absorption and phosphorus accumulation in late growth stages of rice, and increase the rice yield and efficiency of phosphorus utilization. Appropriate decrement of phosphorus fertilizer could maintain the normal yield of rice.